Autumn mushroom management of Agaricus bisporus

The management of autumn mushroom should be based on the requirements of environmental conditions for the growth of mycelium and fruiting body, correctly deal with the contradiction between external temperature and indoor temperature, and flexibly grasp the spraying water of mushroom bed and ventilation of mushroom room under the condition of natural temperature. to meet the requirements of mycelium and fruiting body growth.

1. After the soil layer mycelium growth and the soil layer moisture adjustment, enter the soil layer mycelium growth management stage, the management principle of this stage is: under the condition of keeping the mushroom room air humidity (80%-85%) and the mushroom room temperature (20-22 ℃) relatively constant, properly aerate to ensure that the hyphae grow well in the soil layer. The specific measures are as follows: (1) the tight window hanging mycelium first requires the mycelium to grow rapidly on the soil layer and extend neatly and forcefully to the soil layer. The management adopts the method of closing the doors and windows and opening the roof air windows. The mushroom room only needs to open the window before 6 o'clock and after 20:00 for about 30 minutes to remove the exhaust gas from the mushroom room. In case of special circumstances, when the temperature of the mushroom room rises above 25 ℃, it is necessary to open the wind shelter doors and windows for ventilation. It takes 4 to 5 days for this stage of management. (2) 6-7 days after water transfer, part of the hyphae began to appear on the surface of the overlying soil layer, and a layer of soil particles with a certain amount of water, such as the size of soybeans, should be covered at this time. It is required to wet the soil particles with water one day before covering the soil. The soil particles can be pinched by hand, and the thickness of the soil cover is 1 cm. When covering soil, minimize the flow of air in the mushroom room, just open a door to get in and out of the room. It is appropriate to cover the soil after 9 o'clock and before 17:00. After covering the soil, gradually increase the ventilation of the mushroom room, half open the leeward doors and windows for 1 hour every day, the window opening time is after 9 o'clock and before 17:00, can not be ventilated in the morning and evening. The purpose of this stage of management is not to let the hyphae go up, nor to let the hyphae kink prematurely into primordia, but to let the hyphae grow well in the soil layer and lay a good foundation for high yield. The management of this stage usually takes 4-5 days, which requires the mycelium to grow laterally in the soil layer. If the cultivation technique is excellent, it can be extended for another 2-3 days. If the temperature is lower than 19 ℃ under special circumstances, ventilation should be reduced as much as possible to prevent the external cold air from entering the mushroom room and making the hyphae kink into primordia prematurely. At this stage, according to the size of the air humidity and the moisturizing conditions of the mushroom room, properly maintain the air humidity and spray on the mushroom bed, wall, ground and space.

2. Promote mushroom formation. About 12 days after covering the soil and transferring water, the mycelium has grown well in the soil layer, which can promote the mycelium to form mushroom. Specific measures: first, open the doors and windows of the mushroom room in the morning and night, carry out large ventilation, and semi-open the wind shelter window during the day. Second, spray water twice a day, each time about 0.9 kg / square meter, spray for 3 days, must not spray heavy water. Through the cooling of the mushroom room, ventilation and spraying water on the mushroom bed, after about two days, the hyphae can be twisted into primordia, and then after 2-3 days, small mushroom buds can be developed. This stage of management usually takes about 5 days. In case of special circumstances, that is, when the temperature of the mushroom room is above 19 ℃, the temperature of the mushroom room should be reduced to below 19 ℃ before the work of kink of the hyphae can be done, otherwise, the hyphae of the soil layer will scurry out of the soil layer, or even grow.

3. When the mycelium of the fruit body is twisted into a primordium and grows to the size of soybeans, it can promote the expansion of the fruit body. The management principle is to spray a large amount of water to the mushroom bed to ensure that the air humidity of the mushroom room (85%-90%) and the air flow in the mushroom room are relatively constant. Water spraying standard: spray as much water as the first batch of mushrooms on the mushroom bed can produce. In general, the amount of water sprayed is about 5.4 kg / m2, divided into 4 times, twice a day, and 1.35 kg / m2 each time. It is better to spray water at a lower temperature in the morning and evening. The doors and windows should be opened for more than 30 minutes before and after spraying. After the end of ventilation, close the doors and windows, but must open the roof air window, the air in the mushroom room should not feel stuffy. In this way, after 2 or 3 days, you can start picking mushrooms. Do not spray water the day before harvest to avoid affecting the growth of the next batch of mushrooms.

4. turn the tide to manage a batch of mushrooms after picking, it is necessary to clean up the broken roots and other sundries on the bed surface in time, and if hyphae are found on the surface of the soil layer, some soil should be added. If the bed surface is dry, you can spray a small amount of water, at the same time increase the ventilation of the mushroom room, eliminate the waste gas and speed up the turning tide. Wait for the fruiting body to the size of soybeans, start spraying water, the principle of spraying water is: see mushroom spray water, mushroom more spray, mushroom less spray; autumn mushroom spray more in the early stage, less spray in the later stage. When young mushrooms are unearthed and tide occurs, it is necessary to properly reduce ventilation and maintain humidity in the mushroom room. It is generally required to spray once or twice a day in the mushroom room space, wall, bed, ground and other places.

5. Mushrooms should be harvested at the right time to ensure quality and output. The mushroom cover can be harvested when the diameter of the mushroom cover is 2.5cm to 4cm. It is not appropriate to let the fruiting body grow too large, otherwise it will shorten the time from harvest to umbrella opening, and will also affect the formation and growth of the next batch of mushrooms around. When harvesting, if the temperature of the mushroom room is above 16 ℃, the fruiting body grows fast and is easy to open umbrellas with thin skin, which requires early harvest and smaller harvest. The harvest time of each of the first three batches of autumn mushrooms is 3-4 days. 6. After three batches of autumn mushrooms were fertilized reasonably, a large number of nutrients in the culture material were absorbed and utilized by mushroom hyphae, and the later batches of mushrooms showed a decrease in the number of mushrooms, a decrease in mushroom shape, an increase in thin-skinned mushrooms and so on. Therefore, it is necessary to apply fertilizer timely and reasonably and increase the nutrients of the overlying soil layer for the use of mycelium length. There are several common application methods of topdressing. (1) glucose solution: 2% oral glucose or white sugar and brown sugar were used in the mushroom water after the third batch of autumn mushrooms, and the effect was obvious. However, if the temperature is higher than 16 ℃, sugar solution should not be sprayed to avoid miscellaneous bacteria. (2) Urea solution: urea is prepared into a solution of 0.1% to 0.2%, which is used on the bed when mushroom water is ejected. Urea solution is also used in the third batch of mushrooms, if it is used too early, the mycelium will grow too much. (3) Triacontanol: also known as melitol. The solution of 0.04% triacontanol and 0.016% triacontanol was used in the mycelial growth period after the third batch of Pleurotus ostreatus, which could promote the growth of mycelium and the development of fruiting body.