Main cultivation techniques of Sweet Apricot in Longyuan

Longyuan sweet apricot is a new cold-resistant apricot variety bred by the drupe research room of Heilongjiang Horticultural Branch. It has excellent characters such as late ripening, large fruit and dwarfing. The breeding of this variety will not only prolong the supply period of fresh fruit of apricot trees in Heilongjiang Province, change the current cultivation mode of large crown and sparse planting of traditional apricot trees, but also promote the large-scale development of apricot production in Heilongjiang Province. At present, the new variety Longyuan sweet apricot has been extended to Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, *, Hebei and other provinces (regions).

1 Variety characteristics and characteristics

The tree growth is moderate, the sprouting ability and branching ability are strong, the tree posture is half-open, the tree shape is inverted conical, the tree body is dwarfed; the plant is cold-resistant, drought-resistant, barren-tolerant, lax on the soil requirements, strong adaptability. The flower bud germinated in early April, flowered at the beginning of May, flowered later, and deciduous in late October. 3-4 years after planting, fruit began to be seen, mainly short fruit branches and bouquet-like fruit branches, high fruit setting rate and good yield.

The fruit is nearly round, the fruit is large and neat, the average single fruit weight is 59.16g, the maximum single fruit weight is 75.5g, the background color of the fruit is apricot yellow, the sunny side is red, the flesh is orange-yellow, the flesh is soft, the fiber is less, the juice is more, the taste is sweet and sour, the taste is excellent, the quality is excellent, the kernel is free and the kernel is sweet. The fruit matured in late July in Harbin, which is an excellent new apricot variety with large fruit, high quality and suitable for close planting in the northern cold region.

2 main cultivation techniques

2.1 Building a garden

When planting, we should first pay attention to the selection of the site of the garden, in order to prevent frost injury during flowering, and reasonable close planting. The mountain garden should choose the middle of the higher terrain or sloping land, and the gentle sloping land with the leeward to the sun; the flat land must avoid the lowland or the places where cold air is easy to stay. Because the crown of Longyuan sweet apricot is smaller than that of other apricot trees, the plant row spacing of Longyuan sweet apricot can be smaller than that of other apricot trees. The planting density of 3m plant spacing and 4m row spacing can not only improve the land utilization rate, but also increase the yield per unit area and economic benefits. Secondly, pollination trees should be allocated reasonably. Longyuan sweet apricot can be pollinated by Longyuan peach apricot and Longyuan yellow apricot, and the proportion of pollinated trees is 4 ∶ 1 or 6 ∶ 1.

2.2 shaping and pruning

The adoption of reasonable tree shape is the basis of high and stable yield of apricot trees. According to the growth and development characteristics of Longyuan sweet apricot and the needs of apricot production and development, its fixed stem height is 40~50cm, cup-shaped can be used in shaping and pruning, 4-5 main branches are selected, and medium short pruning. In the young tree stage, pay attention to summer pruning to facilitate early fruiting and improve the cold resistance of the plant; in the full fruit stage, the pruning method of the combination of thinning and short cutting is adopted to reduce the fruiting branches and promote the growth of strong branches.

2.3 Fertilizer and Water Management and Pest Control

Although apricot has developed root system and strong drought tolerance, irrigation before sprouting and young fruit expansion in early spring will play an important role in increasing yield; at the same time, it is advocated to increase the application of organic fertilizer in autumn, retting to produce high-quality farm manure and applying whole fertilizer, which lays a good material foundation for improving plant stress resistance, improving fruit quality, and high yield and prolonging life.

The main pests of sweet apricot in Longyuan are peach powder bud and plum heart borer, and the disease is gum disease. Therefore, the policy of "prevention first, comprehensive control" should be followed in production, timely spraying, rational use and comprehensive prevention and control according to the occurrence law of diseases and insect pests. For the common occurrence of gum disease in production, prevention should be given priority to, large wounds caused by mechanical injuries and pruning should be avoided as far as possible, tree protection should be strengthened, such as whitening in autumn, spraying protective agents in spring and so on.

3 suitable area

Harbin, Jixi, Mudanjiang, Boli, Qiqihar, Mishan and other places can be planted in large quantities. In addition, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, *, Hebei and other provinces can also be cultivated.

4 the prospect of market development

Longyuan sweet apricot lasted 20 years from variety cultivation to production trial planting, during which it experienced two serious freezing injuries in the history of Heilongjiang Province: from 1993 to 1994 and 2000 to 2001, it was generally believed that Longyuan sweet apricot had strong cold resistance, large fruit, excellent quality, fresh food and kernel use, which was very popular among fruit farmers and market. And because of its dwarfing, on the one hand, it is beneficial to field management, such as actual harvest, medication, pruning, etc., on the other hand, it is suitable for close planting, increase yield per mu and increase economic benefits. Therefore, Longyuan sweet apricot is an ideal new variety of apricot in cold regions, and it has a broad market prospect in the future.