Management technology of pollution-free pear mature orchard

February to March-budding and flowering

1. Application of sprout fertilizer: before pear sprouting in mid-late February, 1000 kg of rotten farm organic fertilizer and quick-acting multi-element compound fertilizer based on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were applied per mu to improve quality. the application rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accounted for 35%, 30% and 15% of the annual application, respectively, and 1.5% borax was added to the total amount to improve flower quality.

two。 Irrigation: irrigate once before and after flowering to promote sprouting and blooming neatly.

3. Protect flowers and fruits:

The main results are as follows: (1) during the budding and dispersing bud stage, Xinsheng 5000-8000 times solution was used to eradicate the disease causing pear flower rot.

(2) 1500 times of Nongdile or 1000 times of Lesbon were used to control pear sprouts, pear wood lice and pear gall mosquitoes.

(3) Flower thinning: when the buds spread, timely remove malformed flowers, underdeveloped flowers, flowers on weak branches and dense flowers.

(4) Human: industrial pollination: ① pollen collection. 2-4 days before the flowering stage of the pollinated tree, the budding flowers of varieties with high pollen and strong affinity were collected in advance, and the anthers were scrubbed indoors with two pear flower pairs. Hang it on clean white paper and place it at an indoor temperature of 20: 25 ℃ (adjust the temperature with an electric blanket and light bulb). After the anther bursts, collect pollen and put it in a clean vial. Time and method of ② pollination: when 25% of the flowers bloom on the pollinated tree, dip the brush (cotton ball) in the pollen of the spare bottle and gently click on the stigma of the flower that needs pollination.

(5) Pear orchard bees: 2-3 days before the pear orchard blossoms, the pear orchard is transferred to the pear orchard. A swarm of bees can manage 1000 square meters and 3000 square meters of the pear orchard.

April-shoot shooting, leaf spreading stage, young fruit stage

1. Fruit thinning time: fruit thinning begins about 7 days after Xie flower. The objects of fruit thinning are deformed fruit, Chaotian fruit (easy to turn handle) and fruit on thin and weak branches. There is only one fruit in one set. According to the ratio of leaf to fruit, about 40 ∶ 1 of big fruit type, 35 ∶ 1 of middle fruit type, 30 ∶ 1 of small fruit type, 5000000 / mu fruit of small fruit type and 8000000 / mu fruit of small fruit type. After determining the number of fruit left per plant, in the specific operation, the tree should vary from branch to branch, and more strong branches should be retained. On the contrary, weak trees and weak branches should be left less. There are more leaves inside the crown and few or no long branches at the tip. After fruit thinning, spray Jindasheng 600 800 times liquid 2 times 3 times in time, about once every 10 days, to protect leaves and fruits.

two。 Prevention and control of pear gall midge: 15% Lesben granule 1 kg mixed with fine soil or sand 30 kg 40 jin per mu, sprinkled evenly under the pear tree plate after weeding, the efficacy period was as long as 45-60 days.

3. Bagging: ① bagging time: if you want to prevent fruit blossom (such as golden pear, emerald pear, Cuiguan pear, etc.), use 500 times Taiwan gold powder and 3000 times Baomeilin spray twice 10-15 days after flowering. ② in order to make the pear fruit surface smooth, expand quickly and the fruit bag is not easy to be drenched by Rain Water, the fruit bag with guaranteed quality should be selected. Before bagging ③, one safe and effective chemical must be sprayed to control scab, scab, heart-eating insects and pear wood lice: Jindasheng 600,800 times + Xinsheng 6000 times + Lesbon 1000 times (Nongdi Le 1500). This spray must be uniform and thoughtful, and the medicine must be bagged in time after drying. The use of pesticides with high toxicity, high residue, emulsion and copper preparations is strictly prohibited. ④ bagging method: first open the mouth of the paper bag, arch the bag with your hand, gently put the young fruit into the mouth of the bag, and put the mouth of the bag on the handle. Fold it and wrap it around 2 times or 3 times with wire. The mouth of the bag is tied tight, so that sunshine, Rain Water, diseases and insects can not enter through the mouth of the bag. Finally, in order to prevent the pear fruit from sunburn, the bag should be combed, and then the young fruit should be placed in the middle of the fruit bag, which is in the shape of a lantern.

4. Application of stable fruit fertilizer: in the first ten days of April, 500-1500 kg of mature farm organic fertilizer was applied on time, and the application amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accounted for 3% of the total amount of fertilizer applied in the whole year. The application amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accounted for 30% (about 22 kg), 20% (49 kg) and 30% (about 19 kg) of the annual fertilizer application, respectively. In case of drought, it should be irrigated in time so as not to affect the fruit expansion.

5. Pest control: at this time, attention should be paid to the prevention and control of scab, black spot, rust and the harm of heart-eating insects, aphids, caterpillars, wood lice, pear stem wasps, pear gall mosquitoes and so on.

May to June-fruit expansion and shoot-out period

1. Wiping buds and picking the heart: twist or erase the sprouts of the cut mouth and the overgrown branches on the back, wipe the buds in time when the general branches are 4 to 5 inches long, and adjust the ratio of leaves to fruits. For some elongated branches and some groups of elongated branches, the growth of more than 80 cm can be plucked in time to ease the growth and form flower buds.

two。 Shoot control: in order to balance the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of pear trees, 150 times of phosphorus dipotassium or 200 times of pp0300~500 spray can be used for shoot control.

3. Application of strong fruit fertilizer: in order to improve fruit quality and promote flower bud differentiation, 500-1500 kg mature farm organic fertilizer, supplemented by nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, was applied timely from late June to early and middle July. The application rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accounted for 15% (about 11 kg), 30% (about 73 kg) and 30% (about 19 kg) of the annual application, respectively. In order to enhance the tree potential and improve the fruit quality, iron, zinc and calcium micro-fertilizers, which account for 3% of the total chemical fertilizer, can be added to the fertilizer this time.

4. Pest control: pay attention to the prevention and control of pear tiger, pear net bug, wood louse, longicorn beetle, pear gall midge, aphids, scab, black spot (brown spot) and rust.

July-Flower Bud differentiation period of early ripening Pear

1. Ditch drainage: pay attention to ditch drainage, so as not to cause root death, affect fruit quality and flower bud differentiation.

two。 Harvest: timely harvest of early-maturing pears, and be sure to do a good job of postharvest treatment, classification, graded packaging and @ # @ 136 pears. In particular, it is forbidden to use all chemical fertilizers and pesticides 10-15 days before fruit harvest.

3. Pull branches to cultivate flowers: timely pull branches and raise flowers to the young trees with small angles.

4. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: pay attention to the control of wood lice, caterpillars, stinging moths, pear net bugs, cicadas, red, yellow spiders, scab, black spot and other diseases and insect pests, spray Jindasheng 600,800 times + Xinsheng 6000 times + Lexben 1000 times (Nongdile 1500 times) liquid to prevent leaves from falling early and blooming autumn flowers.

August to September-flower bud differentiation period of middle and late fruit ripening

1. Ditch drainage: continue to do a good job of ditching and drainage, so that the garden is properly dry, which is conducive to leaf protection and flower cultivation.

two。 Harvest: do a good job in harvesting, postharvest treatment, grading, grading, packaging and sales of middle and late ripe pears.

3. Application of fruit fertilizer: 4500 kg of rotten farm organic fertilizer was applied per mu in mid and late September, supplemented with quick-acting fertilizer supplemented by nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and iron fertilizer, which accounted for 2% of the total chemical fertilizer. The amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accounted for 20% (about 14 kg), 20% (about 49 kg) and 25% (about 16 kg), respectively. To restore the tree potential and improve the quality of flower bud differentiation as soon as possible.

4. Strengthen the work of disease and pest control: continue to spray Jindasheng 600 times 800 times liquid. If there is an occurrence of insect pests, we should add 1000 times of Lesbon or 1500 times of Nongdi Le in Jindasheng to prevent diseases and pests, protect leaves and flowers, and prevent pear trees from blooming in autumn.

October to December-deciduous, dormant period

1. Ploughing and ploughing: ploughing and ploughing in time from the middle and late October to the end of the year to improve the good environment for root growth and destroy the overwintering sites of diseases and insect pests.

two。 Winter pruning: the principles of ① pruning: light pruning of young trees, heavy pruning of old trees, light pruning of prosperous trees, heavy pruning of weak trees, heavy pruning of more fruit, light pruning of less fruit, etc. The method of ② pruning: truncation, thinning, retraction, pruning. The object of ③ pruning (first pulling and then cutting): short extension branch, long fruit branch, winch branch, weak branch, thinning dense branch, weak branch, useless long branch, standing upper branch, dry and withered branch, disease and insect branch, etc.; retract senescent branch, oxtail branch and extended over-long branch, etc. Through pruning to achieve the purpose of external thinning and inner density, upper sparse and lower density, big branches and twigs dense, orderly distribution of branches, no shade each other, ventilation and light transmission, three-dimensional results.

3. Clear the garden before winter and early spring: ① trimming (cutting off diseased branches, insect branches, dry and withered branches), two scraping (scraping off warped skin and disease spots), and one brush white (whitening with lime whitening agent); ② weeding, clearing the garden, sweeping fallen leaves: removing weeds in the garden and beside the garden, sweeping fallen leaves and fruits and concentrated burning; ③ in flower bud expansion and dew white with 80 times melting to kill scale mites or 80 times 100 times clear garden cleaning trees to eliminate overwintering diseases and insect pests.