Causes of serious fruit blossom in golden pear and its countermeasures

1. The cause of serious fruit ripening in bagged fruit

1.1 the use of drugs in the young fruit period is unreasonable. The young fruit stage of golden pear is sensitive to chemicals, which is very different from the management of Yali pear. For example, following the operation rules of drug use of Yali pear will inevitably lead to the occurrence of fruit pear.

1.2 the orchard is closed, the crown branches are too large, and the ventilation and light transmission is poor. At present, most of our pear orchards are dense planting orchards developed in recent years, with a row distance of 4 meters × 4 meters or 3 meters × 4 meters, and the tree age is about 15 years. In order to pursue premature and high yield, the high-yield tree shape of Yali pear is used, the tree body is strong and the amount of branches is too large, so that the air humidity, especially the inner chamber humidity of the orchard is too high, and it lasts for a long time.

The poor quality of the fruit bag and the poor quality of the non-standard operation of the fruit bag often lead to the damage of the fruit bag not resistant to Rain Water scouring, the fruit bag is not easy to dry after absorbing moisture, and the medicine is easy to stimulate the fruit noodles through the fruit bag. The non-standard operation is mainly manifested in that the bag is not bulged after bagging, and the paper bag clinging to the young fruit is easy to cause rough or rough fruit surface. The mouth of the bag is not tightly sealed, and the fruit bag is easy to be rubbed by the wind, and at the same time, it is easy to cause potions and Rain Water to enter and cause fruit peel.

1.4 other reasons, in addition to the above reasons, bagging time is too late, young fruit exposed time is too long; did not use the grid and other cultivation methods, can not fix branches, young fruit surface wind friction, resulting in rust fruit.

two。 Technical measures to reduce the occurrence of Golden Pear Fruit stalk

2.1 using grid cultivation method, standard grid or simple grid can be used to pull and fix branches. Pay attention to pulling branches so that the base angle should be kept at about 60 °.

2.2 carefully pruning, opening the light path in shaping and pruning, it is appropriate to use happy shape to facilitate ventilation and light transmission, or spindle shape, etc., for reconnected trees, but the principle of shaping and pruning is that ① control is strong. The outer extended branches of ② were uniaxial extension, broken pruning (4 or 6 new shoots would emerge if the terminal buds of golden pear were not cut off), pruning the outer branches, restraining the front and back, ventilating and penetrating light, and preventing the inner chamber from being bald and weak; ③ thinned the overdense backbone branches, superior and inferior dorsal branches, and left more oblique branches on both sides.

2.3 Scientific medication in order to reduce the use of drugs in the young fruit stage, it is necessary to control the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. In addition to taking measures such as clearing the garden and scraping the bark, the use of drugs before flowering can effectively control diseases and insect pests, and less drugs should be used after flowering. Spray oil emulsion once in the first ten days of March, insecticide once in the middle of March, stone sulfur mixture once in late March, and once insecticide and fungicide in the balloon stage of flower buds to depress the population density. After Xiehua, in principle, do not use the medicine immediately, wait until May before the small bag to use the medicine once. The principles that should be followed in the use of drugs in the young fruit stage of Golden Pear are as follows: ① should be used as little or no medicine as possible; the concentration of ② should be as low as possible and the types of pesticides mixed should be as few as possible; ③ should not be washed by washing, and the medicament should be atomized, and under the premise of achieving the prevention and control effect, hit as lightly as possible. ④ should be treated with water and powder, without emulsion, and do not use agents that are irritating to the pericarp, such as copper preparation, Fumei, mancozeb, EC preparation, etc.; spray droplets should be fine, the nozzle should not be too close to the fruit surface, and the concentration should not be too high.

① choose high-quality fruit bags and buy regular famous-brand fruit bags. Golden pear is a green variety, in order to meet the export standard, it is necessary to cover two bags, first a small white wax bag (10 cm long and 7 cm wide), and then a double-layer large paper bag (with outer yellow and inner red, 20 cm long and 15.5 cm wide). The time of ② bagging starts from 10 to 15 days of Xiehua, and ends before the coat of young fruit falls off. In general, the time of bagging small bags is May 1-10. The first bagging (big bag) should be finished about 60 days after Xiehua, usually before and after wheat harvest. There is no need to remove the small white wax bag before putting it in a big bag. ③ strict bagging operation, when the bag should be bulged, the bottom of the bag at the two corners of the water vent should be opened, the mouth of the bag should be tightly sealed, not upward, so as to prevent Rain Water and potions from flowing into the bag. ④ spray once before bagging can maintain bagging for 3 days, or make up spraying in case of rain.

Through the above measures, the serious problem of golden pear fruit can be effectively solved, and the rate of good fruit can reach more than 70%, which can greatly improve the economic benefit of planting golden pear and increase production and income.