Key points of Bud planting techniques of Potato

In order to prevent potato degradation, prevent ring rot and solve the problem of insufficient supply of improved varieties, we carried out the bud planting experiment of potato variety Longshu 3 from 2000 to 2002. The results showed that the disease in the field was light, the yield was 3600 kg / mu, the tuber was large and uniform, and the commodity rate was high. The cultivation techniques are introduced as follows:

(1) raising seedlings

1. Choose a place to make a bed. The land with flat terrain, loose soil and convenient water source is selected as the seedling land. The seedling bed is 1.2 meters wide and the length is determined according to the planting area. Turn over the ripe soil of the seedling land, make a ridge with raw soil, put it into the ripe soil first, and then add 10 cm thick horse dung and 5 cm thick nutritious soil (prepared according to the ratio of high quality farm manure: garden soil = 1:5) to make a 30 cm deep heat seedbed.

2. Sowing and management. The seed potato with uniform shape, uniform size and full bud eyes was selected in late April, and the bud eyes were neatly arranged in the nursery bed, covered with nutrient soil (ibid.) 3-4 cm thick, watered and disinfected with 800 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder.

During seedling raising, the soil should be kept moist and watered as soon as it dries. The temperature should be kept at 10-20 ℃. If the temperature is too low, a small arch shed can be made on the bed surface to ensure seedling emergence.

(2) transplanting in the field

1. Covering the ground with plastic film. Turn the soil 20 cm deep, apply 3000-5000 kg / mu of organic fertilizer and 20 kg / mu of calcium phosphate as base fertilizer. Remove weeds, stones and other debris. Make a ridge with a base width of 120 cm, a surface width of 110 cm and a height of 10 cm, with a ridge spacing of 40-50 cm. In order to save water, dark irrigation ditches of 10 cm in depth and 10 cm in width are left in the middle of the ridge for dark irrigation under plastic film during drought. The soil should have good soil moisture before ridging. If the soil moisture is insufficient, it should be watered thoroughly and covered with plastic film immediately after ridging.

2. Transplant. About 10 days after sowing, when the seedlings grow to 6-10 cm long and have 5-7 leaves, dig out the potato pieces, break off the seedlings together with the fibrous roots, and transplant them to a pre-made ridge with 2 rows per ridge with a plant spacing of 30 cm. When planting seedlings, first use a punch to drill holes 6-8 cm deep on the ridge, plant 1-2 seedlings in each hole, fill them with wet soil, and press the holes tightly to facilitate heat preservation and moisturizing. After breaking the bud, the seed potato can be put back to the original place to continue to raise seedlings, and the bud can be broken for 3-4 times.

(3) Field management

1. Water management. Potato planting in the field must have better soil moisture at the slow seedling stage. If necessary, water can be injected into the film at both ends of the dark irrigation ditch, until the dark irrigation ditch is filled, and the hole can be sealed in time after irrigation.

2. Topdressing. In potato rosette stage, urea and potassium sulfate were applied 8-10 kg / mu and 20 kg / mu respectively. Hole application was made at 10 cm away from the plant or topdressing gun was used to apply it; when ditch application was used, a ditch was opened 10 cm away from the plant line, and the soil was buried after irrigation.

3. Ploughing and weeding. Timely ploughing, removal of weeds in the field, in order to play the role of soil moisture conservation. Combined with ploughing to plant choked soil, in order to increase the yield per plant.

4. Disease and pest control. During the growth period of sprouting potato, it is necessary to do a good job in the prevention of diseases and insect pests, and measures should be taken immediately in the event of diseases and insect pests. The common diseases are potato late blight. When the central diseased plant appears, it can be sprayed around with 80-1000 times of methyl thiophanate wettable powder.

(4) points for attention. First, the selection of seed potato is strictly in accordance with the requirements, which requires pure seed potato varieties, smooth potato surface and no disease and insect pests. Second, the seed potato can produce 2-4 buds each time, and can break the buds 3-4 times continuously, so the utilization rate of seed potato is very high, so it should be put back to the seedbed in time after each bud breaking and raise seedlings again. Third, the seedling stage of the seedling bed is usually 3-5 days earlier than the direct seeding, so it is necessary to determine the seedling time according to the planting period and the number of days required to prevent the planting from being attacked by late frost.