Prevention and treatment of bacterial endometritis in cattle and pigs

The uterine inflammation of cattle, pigs and other livestock is mainly the inflammation of endometrium, so it is called endometritis. Endometritis is usually a mucinous or suppurative inflammation of the uterine mucosa. And uterine myositis, uterine serositis, only in postpartum acute uterine inflammation may occur, but also very rare. Endometritis is a very common reproductive organ disease in female animals, which is divided into acute and chronic diseases. Acute occurs in postpartum, in dystocia, uterine prolapse, placenta infection after the pathogen; chronic mostly from acute to acute, or through mating infection. Female animal endometritis, often abnormal estrus, or although normal estrus, but not easy to conceive, even if pregnant, but also prone to abortion. For example, among the repeatedly infertile sows, 50% were eliminated because of the disease. The occurrence of the disease is particularly prominent in purebred sows. Chronic endometritis is one of the important causes of infertility in pigs, cattle and other female animals.

The main cause of endometritis in female animals is bacterial infection, which is mainly caused by non-specific bacteria common in the natural environment. Among them, Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus, Haemophilus and other conditional pathogens are the most common. In addition, some specific pathogenic microorganisms such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Brucella, Salmonella, fetal vibrio, bovine rhinotracheitis virus, bovine diarrhea virus and so on can cause the disease. The pathogenesis of natural infection is more common and has been paid attention to. The above-mentioned conditional pathogenic bacteria begin to proliferate and cause the disease when the resistance of the female animal is weak during childbirth, dystocia and puerperium. During childbirth, because the mat grass is very dirty, the pigsty is contaminated, bacteria invade the damaged birth canal and placenta for a long time, disinfection is not strict during artificial insemination, lochia is retained when the uterus is relaxed, and the operation is not clean during dystocia. Inflammatory secretions in male genitals or semen can cause endometritis. In addition, abortion, midwifery, stripping of placenta, uterine reconstruction process of lax, rough disinfection, lack of exercise of female animals, lack of turquoise forage grass, excessive emaciation of sows, decreased resistance, stress and other adverse factors, its conditional pathogens in the reproductive tract can also cause disease. There is a close relationship between bacterial infection and sex hormone, that is, when follicular hormone strongly acts on endometrium, infection is more difficult, on the contrary, luteal hormone acting on endometrium is easy to cause infection.

Epidemiological bacterial endometritis is sporadic in all herds and may also become an epidemic or endemic disease. The incidence of postpartum endometritis is the highest, when uterine injuries and bacterial infections are most likely to occur. Uterine involution and repair of female animals mainly occur in the first week after giving birth, and few other new diseases occur during lactation. Endometritis rarely occurs in pigs after weaning, proestrus and anestrus. However, young and adult female animals in the estrous cycle are obviously susceptible, which is due to the opening of uterus and vaginal orifice during estrus and the decrease of non-specific resistance mechanism of uterus in luteal phase.

Clinical symptoms of acute endometritis mostly occur within a few days after delivery or after abortion, the impact of postpartum hysteritis is not limited to reproduction, and the systemic symptoms are obvious. The symptoms of pigs are as follows: sows are different from other livestock. It is normal for some sows to have thick, tasteless, purulent vaginal excrement with a capacity of about 20 to 50 milliliters in the first 2 days after delivery. Uterine infections usually have a lot of feces, such as watery, stench and grayish brown. Infected sows show morbid symptoms, such as loss of appetite or abstinence, non-lactation, elevated body temperature, dry nasal plate, frequent diarrhea, red, filthy and smelly secretions from the vagina, and so on. If left untreated, septicemia and sepsis can be formed or become chronic endometritis. When turning to chronic, the systemic symptoms are not obvious, there are scabs or sticky secretions near the vulva of the animal tail root, its color is grayish white, yellow, dark gray, etc., there is no mucus flow when standing, and when lying on the ground, the amount of mucus is much, and the food is not fat. Gradually lose weight, sick pigs are abnormal in estrus, or delayed, or fertilization is often infertile, even if pregnant, it is not long before embryo death or abortion occurs. In childbirth and postpartum, the uterus of sows is sometimes infected and inflamed.

The symptoms of cattle are as follows: retention of placenta is the main cause of postpartum cow hysteritis, which is more than 5-8 days postpartum. There are fever (39ml 41 degrees Celsius), pulse, respiratory increase, loss of spirit, loss of appetite, weakness of ruminant, decreased milk secretion, collapse of waist and arch back, urination and other systemic symptoms. The main local manifestation is the discharge of a large number of inflammatory secretions from the vagina, which can be divided into serous, mucinous, suppurative and necrotic according to the nature of inflammation. Secretions are dirty red, brown, etc., fishy smell, containing floc or placental fragments, vaginal congestion, cervical opening, uterine horn thickening and sinking.

The diagnosis is easy to be misdiagnosed only by examining vaginal secretions. For patients with endometritis, it is better to collect secretions from the lower part of the tail root or use vaginal openers to collect secretions. To understand the reproductive cycle of systemic symptoms, odors and secretions, and make a comprehensive diagnosis.

The routine treatment is treated with antibiotics, and the effect of florfenicol suspension is obvious at the present stage. Cut off the seal before use and give the medicine directly into the uterus with insemination apparatus. In the treatment of acute uterine inflammation and birth canal infection, 1 drug was injected once every 2-3 days, and 1 drug was injected every 5-6 days in the treatment of infertility caused by chronic hysteritis.

In the acute stage of inflammation, we should first remove the inflammatory secretions accumulated in the uterus, choose 10% normal saline, 0.02% bromogeramine solution, 0.1% potassium permanganate, 1% mae 2% sodium bicarbonate, 1% alum, 0.1% Rivernol and so on to rinse the uterus. The remaining solution must be discharged after flushing. Finally, 200000-300000 units of penicillin, 1 g chlortetracycline, 1 florfenicol suspension or 1 chlorhexidine acetate suspension can be injected into the uterus. Washing method is prohibited if the sick animal has systemic symptoms.

For chronic endometritis, 200000-400000 units of penicillin plus 1 million units of streptomycin can be injected into the uterus mixed with autoclaved vegetable oil 20ml. We can also use one florfenicol suspension or one chlorhexidine acetate suspension, which is easy to maintain the therapeutic concentration and can give full play to the advantages of local medication, such as convenient, safe and effective, which has been welcomed by the majority of users. In order to strengthen uterine peristalsis and facilitate the discharge of inflammatory secretions in the uterine cavity, uterine contractile agents (oxytocin injection) can also be used. Administration of drugs or flushing drugs into the uterus should be carried out within a few days after delivery or during estrus, because the cervix is opened at this time to facilitate administration, while administration in other periods is easy to cause uterine damage.

Systemic therapy for endometritis can be treated with antibiotics or sulfonamides. Pigs: intramuscular injection of penicillin 1.6 million-2 million units, streptomycin 1 million units, twice a day. When chlortetracycline or oxytetracycline hydrochloride was used, the sows were given 40mg per 1kg body weight twice a day. Sulfadiazine 0.1g / 1kg, twice a day. Satisfactory results can also be obtained by using the Rugongan and Qianganlin produced by our company. For pigs with elevated body temperature, analgin injection 10m or antongding injection 10-20ml was injected intramuscularly.

Prevention of bacterial endometritis is a sporadic or epidemic exogenous infection, which is horizontal or horizontal transmission. Including direct contact transmission, has brought greater losses to farmers for a long time. Dried cows are fed with 4 kg concentrate, 15 kg silage and free hay to prevent cows from becoming overfat. 3 days before and immediately after parturition, 20% calcium gluconate and 20% glucose solution 500 ml are injected once a day. Continuous injection of 2Mel for 3 days, intramuscular injection of 100 units of oxytocin immediately after delivery to speed up the exfoliation of placenta, which can effectively prevent uterine inflammation. Generally speaking, the pathogenic microorganisms and foreign bodies should be kept to a minimum for reproductive tract infection. During sanitary work, attention should be paid to cleaning, disinfection, drying and other processes to keep them clean and well drained. Pay attention to ventilation, moistureproof, avoid reproductive tract injury, avoid long rest time and congenital resistance decrease. To ensure the healthy development of animal husbandry and constantly improve the technical level and economic benefits of animal husbandry.