Design of Cold Room for Phalaenopsis flowering

The vegetative growth temperature of Phalaenopsis is usually 20℃ to 30℃, and the temperature required for flower induction varies according to the strain: the reproductive growth temperature of the first strain is the same as the vegetative growth temperature, the daytime temperature is maintained below 30℃, and the night temperature is lower than the daytime temperature to meet the flower induction requirements. Therefore, the greenhouse that originally produced small, medium and large seedlings can also be used for flower induction. The temperature needed for flower induction of the second strain was below 30℃ in the daytime and below 20℃ at night. The main cooling equipment in greenhouse in China is fan and water curtain, whose cooling ability is affected by atmospheric relative humidity. The water curtain cannot play its role in high humidity environment at night, so the night temperature is completely determined by atmospheric temperature. The original solution for this strain of flowers in Taiwan was to send them to high mountain areas for flowering, and to use the natural temperature below 20 ° C at night in mountain areas to meet the temperature requirements inside the greenhouse. Although the daytime temperature in mountain areas is higher than 30℃, the temperature in greenhouse can be lower than 30℃ by using water curtain and fan. The third strain of Phalaenopsis has the most stringent temperature conditions for flower induction. The temperature must be below 25℃ during the day and below 20℃ at night. When the daytime temperature of mountain greenhouse is higher than 30℃ in summer, the internal temperature cannot be lower than 25℃ by using fan and water curtain. In other words, even greenhouses located in mountainous areas cannot meet this requirement, and only the use of refrigeration machinery is sufficient to create and maintain low temperatures below 25 ° C. The characteristics of this cold room are as follows: in normal greenhouse cultivation, the insulating plastic cloth does not work, all fans and water curtains can work normally, and the environmental control equipment works like a traditional greenhouse.

Cultivation Conditions of Phalaenopsis in Greenhouse

Although there is no greenhouse Phalaenopsis can still survive in nature, but with greenhouse, Phalaenopsis can grow better, the production period can be controlled, the quality can be improved, the production quantity is stable, thus meeting the requirements of orchid industrialization. In short, Phalaenopsis can be cultivated without greenhouses, but only in greenhouses can there be Phalaenopsis industry.

What kind of greenhouse is suitable for producing Phalaenopsis? Is it true that the more expensive the greenhouse, the better? The answer is that the applicability of greenhouses and prices do not necessarily have an equal relationship, foreign greenhouses that are easy to use may not be suitable for China, and greenhouses in different climatic zones of the same country cannot be arbitrarily mixed. For example, the Dutch Phalaenopsis production greenhouse costs about 40 million yuan per hectare (below), which is very useful in temperate regions, but is not suitable for North, Central and South China. The plastic greenhouse used in Taiwan (right) also needs additional equipment to be suitable for central and northern China.

The hardware equipment of greenhouse includes main structure, covering material, management equipment, environmental control equipment and control system. The software system for greenhouse production includes space layout, material management, line planning, personnel training, etc.

When building a Phalaenopsis greenhouse, the first consideration is structural strength. The structural strength varies according to the climatic conditions in different regions. Greenhouse structure needs to resist wind pressure, snow pressure, but also to be able to bear the weight of various equipment inside the greenhouse. If the structural strength of greenhouse is not well designed, it may be blown down by strong wind in coastal areas and crushed by snow in winter storm climate. The structural strength design of greenhouses is based on civil construction principles, and there are already construction guidelines to follow.

The second consideration for Phalaenopsis greenhouses is mulch material. It includes roof and wall materials for isolating greenhouse from outside, internal and external shading nets for adjusting light quantity and various types of energy-saving cloth for heat preservation.

We commonly used greenhouse cover materials are glass, solar panels, plastic films and so on. Different materials have different physical properties such as light transmittance, thermal insulation and material strength. The choice of greenhouse cover material must be based on local climatic characteristics and cultivation purposes. For example, small, medium and large seedlings of Phalaenopsis need different light quantity and light quality conditions, and the roof covering materials used need to be different.

The installation position of the inner and outer shade nets, the transmittance and permeability of the greenhouse also affect the amount of light and light quality inside the greenhouse, indirectly affecting the temperature and relative humidity. Energy-saving cloth is used to help maintain the internal temperature of greenhouse and reduce energy loss, but the permeability of energy-saving cloth is also a key factor. Good ventilation is easy to lose heat, and poor ventilation is easy to cause high internal humidity, and plants are easy to infect diseases.

The third consideration for Phalaenopsis greenhouses is the installation of environmental control equipment. Different equipment can be installed according to different environmental control requirements. For example, in temperature adjustment work, hot air heating, hot water heating or heat pump heating can be used for heating. Natural ventilation, mechanical ventilation, water curtains or air conditioning can be used for cooling.

In the adjustment of relative humidity, humidification can be used aerial spray, spray under the planting bed and ground watering. Dehumidification operation can introduce outside air for internal and external ventilation, and can also be equipped with dehumidifier. For the adjustment of light quantity and light period, artificial light source can be installed by increasing light quantity or prolonging light period. Shading nets can be used to reduce light or reduce light periods.

A fourth consideration for greenhouses is environmental control systems, which include sensors and controllers that act as central nervous systems. The environmental control system can sense conditions such as temperature, relative humidity and light quantity inside the greenhouse and compare them with predetermined conditions. If the existing greenhouse microclimate condition deviates from the preset condition, the environmental control system starts or closes various environmental control devices to adjust the microclimate. If medium moisture and nutrient sensors are installed in the greenhouse, the environmental control system can also be connected to control water supply and fertilizer supply.

The above is an introduction to greenhouse systems. If this greenhouse is used to cultivate Phalaenopsis, what is the most suitable greenhouse for Phalaenopsis? There is no standard answer to this question. This is because the dome plastic greenhouse suitable for southern China may not be suitable for northern China; the greenhouse used for small and medium seedling cultivation may not be suitable for stem induction and flowering; and the greenhouse is not suitable for installing heat pumps in the absence of external heat sources or underground cold water resources. Therefore, the selection and construction of greenhouses must consider the local special climatic conditions (typhoon, rainstorm, cold current, dust storm, etc.), and also consider the physiological requirements and cultivation purposes of the cultivated object Phalaenopsis. If it is a high temperature variety, in order to suppress stems, the internal temperature of the greenhouse should be able to maintain high temperature, and the heating equipment installed should have higher power. For the purpose of stemming, stemming greenhouse should be able to maintain low temperature in summer.

Greenhouse cultivation is a double-edged sword, improper use will hurt oneself. For example, if the internal circulation fan is installed incorrectly, it will not only fail to assist ventilation, but will also facilitate the spread of diseases. The wrong choice of greenhouse cover material blocks part of the spectrum of sunlight and can cause the petals of Phalaenopsis to fade. Good use of greenhouse, in addition to creating a suitable environment for the growth of Phalaenopsis, but also to maintain a clean space to reduce pests and diseases, reduce the use of chemicals.

Has the development of Phalaenopsis greenhouse reached its limit in the 21st century? The answer is no. In the new century, the greenhouse industry has new challenges. The requirements of Phalaenopsis greenhouse are to save energy, reduce chemical use, reduce labor requirements, and meet the physiological needs of crops. This requires intelligent environmental control operations combined with the professional knowledge of growers and production costs.

Conditions for Greenhouse Cultivation of Phalaenopsis

Although there is no greenhouse Phalaenopsis can still survive in nature, but with greenhouse, Phalaenopsis can grow better, the production period can be controlled, the quality can be improved, the production quantity is stable, thus meeting the requirements of orchid industrialization. In short, Phalaenopsis can be cultivated without greenhouses, but only in greenhouses can there be Phalaenopsis industry. What kind of greenhouse is suitable for producing Phalaenopsis? Is it true that the more expensive the greenhouse, the better? The answer is that the applicability of greenhouses and prices do not necessarily have an equal relationship, foreign greenhouses that are easy to use may not be suitable for China, and greenhouses in different climatic zones of the same country cannot be arbitrarily mixed. For example, the Dutch Phalaenopsis production greenhouse costs about 40 million yuan per hectare (below), which is very useful in temperate regions, but is not suitable for North, Central and South China. The plastic greenhouse used in Taiwan (right) also needs additional equipment to be suitable for central and northern China. The hardware equipment of greenhouse includes main structure, covering material, management equipment, environmental control equipment and control system. The software system for greenhouse production includes space layout, material management, line planning, personnel training, etc. When building a Phalaenopsis greenhouse, the first consideration is structural strength. The structural strength varies according to the climatic conditions in different regions. Greenhouse structure needs to resist wind pressure, snow pressure, but also to be able to bear the weight of various equipment inside the greenhouse. If the structural strength of greenhouse is not well designed, it may be blown down by strong wind in coastal areas and crushed by snow in winter storm climate. The structural strength design of greenhouses is based on civil construction principles, and there are already construction guidelines to follow. The second consideration for Phalaenopsis greenhouses is mulch material. It includes roof and wall materials for isolating greenhouse from outside, internal and external shading nets for adjusting light quantity and various types of energy-saving cloth for heat preservation. We commonly used greenhouse cover materials are glass, solar panels, plastic films and so on. Different materials have different physical properties such as light transmittance, thermal insulation and material strength. The choice of greenhouse cover material must be based on local climatic characteristics and cultivation purposes. For example, small, medium and large seedlings of Phalaenopsis need different light quantity and light quality conditions, and the roof covering materials used need to be different. The installation position of the inner and outer shade nets, the transmittance and permeability of the greenhouse also affect the amount of light and light quality inside the greenhouse, indirectly affecting the temperature and relative humidity. Energy-saving cloth is used to help maintain the internal temperature of greenhouse and reduce energy loss, but the permeability of energy-saving cloth is also a key factor. Good ventilation is easy to lose heat, and poor ventilation is easy to cause high internal humidity, and plants are easy to infect diseases. The third consideration for Phalaenopsis greenhouses is the installation of environmental control equipment. Different equipment can be installed according to different environmental control requirements. For example, in temperature adjustment work, hot air heating, hot water heating or heat pump heating can be used for heating. Natural ventilation, mechanical ventilation, water curtains or air conditioning can be used for cooling. In the adjustment of relative humidity, humidification can be used aerial spray, spray under the planting bed and ground watering. Dehumidification operation can introduce outside air for internal and external ventilation, and can also be equipped with dehumidifier. For the adjustment of light quantity and light period, artificial light source can be installed by increasing light quantity or prolonging light period. Shading nets can be used to reduce light or reduce light periods. The fourth consideration is the environmental control system, which includes various sensors and controllers and acts as a central nervous system. The environmental control system can sense conditions such as temperature, relative humidity and light quantity inside the greenhouse and compare them with predetermined conditions. If the existing greenhouse microclimate condition deviates from the preset condition, the environmental control system starts or closes various environmental control devices to adjust the microclimate. If medium moisture and nutrient sensors are installed in the greenhouse, the environmental control system can also be connected to control water supply and fertilizer supply. The above is an introduction to greenhouse systems. If this greenhouse is used to cultivate Phalaenopsis, what is the most suitable greenhouse for Phalaenopsis? There is no standard answer to this question. This is because the dome plastic greenhouse suitable for southern China may not be suitable for northern China; the greenhouse used for small and medium seedling cultivation may not be suitable for stem induction and flowering; and the greenhouse is not suitable for installing heat pumps in the absence of external heat sources or underground cold water resources. Therefore, the selection and construction of greenhouses must consider the local special climatic conditions (typhoon, rainstorm, cold current, dust storm, etc.), and also consider the physiological requirements and cultivation purposes of the cultivated object Phalaenopsis. If it is a high temperature variety, in order to suppress stems, the internal temperature of the greenhouse should be able to maintain high temperature, and the heating equipment installed should have higher power. For the purpose of stemming, stemming greenhouse should be able to maintain low temperature in summer. Has the development of Phalaenopsis greenhouse reached its limit in the 21st century? The answer is no. In the new century, the greenhouse industry has new challenges. The requirements of Phalaenopsis greenhouse are to save energy, reduce chemical use, reduce labor requirements, and meet the physiological needs of crops. This requires intelligent environmental control operations combined with the professional knowledge of growers and production costs. Greenhouse cultivation is a double-edged sword, improper use will hurt oneself. For example, if the internal circulation fan is installed incorrectly, it will not only fail to assist ventilation, but will also facilitate the spread of diseases. The wrong choice of greenhouse mulch material blocks part of the sunlight spectrum and causes the petals of Phalaenopsis to fade. Good use of greenhouse, in addition to creating a suitable environment for the growth of Phalaenopsis, but also to maintain a clean space to reduce pests and diseases, reduce the use of chemicals. What conditions should Phalaenopsis be cultivated in greenhouse?