Comprehensive High yield method of Soybean in Alpine area

Soybean is the main crop in Jiamusi area of Heilongjiang Province, with an annual sown area of more than 900000 mu, accounting for more than 900000 mu of the total sown area and more than 75% of the total sown area. For a long time, due to the cold climate, short frost-free period, insufficient accumulated temperature, and the lack of suitable varieties, the per unit yield of soybean has been hovering, only about 150kg, and even less than 100kg in disaster years. In view of this, according to the climatic characteristics of Heilongjiang Province, we have studied several high-yield cultivation techniques suitable for soybean production in Heilongjiang Province, and assembled to form a set of comprehensive high-yield cultivation techniques system, which has made great progress in soybean production level. The average yield per unit area of high-yield soybean field broke through 200kg and moved the critical line of planting soybean to the north by one latitude. In this paper, the comprehensive high-yield cultivation techniques of soybean in alpine areas were described in detail.

First, comprehensively carry out the technology of land preparation in autumn

Popularize the soil preparation techniques such as loosening, turning and raking in autumn with deep pine as the center, so as to realize the use of autumn rain, winter snow and spring, spring drought and autumn prevention. In recent years, Heilongjiang Province has actually increased the intensity of soil preparation in autumn, and the proportion of black stubble overwintering has reached more than 95%. Soil preparation in autumn takes deep pine as the center, forming a tillage system with the combination of pine, rake and no-tillage.

General ploughing depth 18~22cm, heavy rake depth above 15cm, light rake above 8cm.

Second, select improved varieties of soybean with high oil and high yield.

The improved varieties of high-oil and high-yield soybeans contributed to the increase of soybean production by 25% to 30%. Over the past few years, the region has actively responded to the national soybean revitalization plan, participated in the implementation of soybean seed subsidy projects, strengthened technical cooperation with various scientific research institutes, and introduced and promoted a number of high-oil and high-yield soybean varieties. Such as Xinjiang Modou 1, Heihe 27, Kenjiandou 25, Dongnong 44 and other improved soybean varieties, the average oil content is more than 21.5%, the protein content is more than 38%, and has great potential to increase production. Driven by the project, the process of high quality of soybean has been accelerated.

Third, choose Desai seed coating agent to mix seeds

In order to meet the needs of the development of green food soybean production, Desai traditional Chinese medicine soybean seed coating agent was popularized. Desai seed coating agent is composed of 24 kinds of Chinese herbal medicine extracts, trace element fertilizers and film-forming agents. it has the functions of deworming, insecticidal, sterilization and providing nutrition. it lasts for 30 to 45 days and the application effect is good. The dosage of Desai seed coating agent is 1.5% of the amount of soybean seeds.

IV. Popularizing nano-biological growth aids

In soybean seed treatment, chemical water removal, fertilizer treatment and other links, Nanchang Nano 863 biological growth aids have been popularized in an all-round way to achieve the dual effects of increasing production and saving cost. After the production tests and demonstrations in 2003, 2004 and 2005, the yield of soybean seeds and fertilizers was increased by 810% with the application of nanodevices, and the time for the treatment of soybean seeds, water removal and fertilizer was 5 hours. The treated soybean seeds, water removal and fertilizer were used up within 3 days.

V. Popularization and application of six-yuan compound fertilizer

Honghe potassium sulfate type six-element compound fertilizer is a new type of potassium sulfate type six-element compound fertilizer processed and produced according to the soil test results and the formula put forward according to the law of soybean fertilizer demand in this area. Potassium sulfate type six-element compound fertilizer contains N12, P18, K10, Zn0.5, B0.5 and Mo0.5, which has the advantages of comprehensive nutrition, convenient application, low cost and good effect. After 2 years of experiment and demonstration, the yield has been increased by more than 80%. The amount of potassium sulfate type six-element compound fertilizer per mu 10~15kg.

6. Popularize the soybean cultivation model based on soybean close planting technology.

According to the natural climate characteristics of high latitude and short frost-free period in Heilongjiang Province, the theoretical basis of increasing soybean yield by increasing density and podding on main stem was put forward. In the production practice, many cultivation methods have been gradually formed, such as large ridge close planting, three rows of close planting, wide seedling belt close planting, small ridge close planting and soybean film mulching and so on. Using a variety of soybean cultivation models to resolve natural risks has achieved remarkable results.

7. Application of soybean foliar fertilizer mainly Yunda 120

Combined with chemical weeding, foliar fertilizer was comprehensively applied at flowering stage and podding stage of soybean. Mainly Yunda 120, combined with spraying urea, rice vinegar, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, trace element fertilizer and other foliar fertilizer to achieve the purpose of increasing production and quality. After several years of production practice, the above foliar fertilizer has been used to increase the yield of soybean by more than 15%.

The dosage of Yunda 120: the cost of 30kg per mu of mixed soybean seeds per 10ml is 0.50 yuan, and the cost of leaf spraying is 2.0yuan per mu for 10m1/ times per mu.

VIII. Popularizing the formula for high efficiency removal of soybeans

Combined with the reality of soybean production in Heilongjiang Province and the law of soil moisture and weed community succession in soybean field, the formula of herbicide before soybean seedling and stem and leaf treatment after seedling was put forward. At the same time, in order to reduce the herbicide damage, the guidance of increasing the number of herbicides and reducing the amount of herbicides was put forward, which realized the low cost and high efficiency of soybean removal. At present, there are generally more than 3 kinds of soybean removal agents, and the post-seedling chemical removal agents have realized the compound type. Such as Jingguang Tiger, three Brothers, Dou Aita and other compound forms, a product also contains Gramineae, broad-leaf weeds, malignant weeds and other ingredients, and the dosage is small, easy to use, basically no drug harm, good weed control effect.

IX. Implementing Water Saving Irrigation for Soybean

The flowering stage and podding stage of soybean are the critical period of water. Therefore, it is necessary to create conditions to implement water-saving irrigation at flowering stage and podding stage of soybean to increase yield and improve quality of soybean. If there are conditions, the effect is better if topdressing operation is carried out while implementing water-saving irrigation.