Comprehensive Techniques for High Yield of Dry Land Soybean

1. Basic situation: 1. Source of the project: during the sixth five-year Plan period, the State Science and Technology Commission issued one of the projects of "tackling key problems of Comprehensive Technology for increasing production in Sanjiang Plain". National key project. 2. Through the appraisal committee composed of 20 experts and scholars, such as Wang Jinling and Zhang Zijin, famous professors of soybean science in China, in December 1985, it was considered that the research direction was correct, the path was right, the measures were appropriate, and the effect was significant. it also has obvious yield-increasing effect on the following crops, has a breakthrough in comprehensive research and supporting technology, and agrees that the research results have advanced levels at home and abroad. It is an excellent scientific and technological achievement. It is suggested that the relevant departments should actively promote and apply it. In September 1987, the project won the second prize of scientific and technological progress in Heilongjiang Province.

2. Main contents and technical and economic indicators 1, technical characteristics, relevant parameters, indicators: mainly based on the interdependent relationship between the local natural ecological environment and the growth and development of soybean, the three-ridge cultivation method has the characteristics of coordination, order, integrity and so on. The average yield per mu is 23.5% higher than that of traditional cultivation methods. 2. Simple operating procedures, conditions needed for popularization and related supporting technologies: technical points: ① ridge, deep loosening between ridges and furrows. ② layered deep application of base fertilizer, seed fertilizer, topdressing. . ③ double strip precision (quantity) on demand. The combination of ridge cultivation and ridge flat cultivation of these three new technologies is referred to by the masses as the soybean "three ridges" cultivation method. Compared with the conventional method, the "three ridges" cultivation method has six major technical improvements: ① turning into the combination of ploughing, raking and loosening. ② was leveled as a ridge cultivation. ③ changed from shallow application of surface layer to deep layer application of base fertilizer and seed fertilizer. ④ changed from single flat broadcast to double precision on-demand on ridge. ⑤ changed single control of disease, insect and grass to integrated control of disease and Cordyceps. ⑥ is changed from a single machine to a multi-purpose machine. (2) the advantages of "three ridges" cultivation method: the combination of deep loosening by ridge cultivation and layered deep fertilization enhanced the ability of drought resistance, waterlogging resistance, disease resistance, lodging resistance and low temperature resistance of soybean. and improve the soil fertilizer supply, water supply, oxygen supply, heating and improve the capacity of fertilizer storage, water storage and oxygen storage. Double-strip precision sowing on ridge combined with tillage, tillage management and tillage control were used to coordinate the relationship among water, fertilizer, gas and heat in soil. As a result, the photosynthetic production efficiency, soil water use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency, and the utilization rate of effective accumulated temperature of soybean were improved, as well as the comprehensive weeding efficiency of mechanical and chemical control. (3) the supporting machinery of soybean three-ridge cultivation method; according to the size of different tractive force, our school designed three types of tiller: ① medium car traction (54 or 75 horsepower). 2BJGL-6 double strip precision tiller. Can be completed once or twice, deep loosening, fertilization, sowing, spraying, covering soil suppression and other joint operations, 70 cm ridge distance, 6 lines wide, each shift workload is 250-300 mu. ② large car traction (more than 100hp) 2BJGL-12, other functions are the same as the medium machine, the width of 12 lines, the number of shifts can reach about 1000 mu. ③ small car traction (12-20 horsepower) 2BJGL-2, the function is the same as the above two, width 2 lines. The workload of the shift is 40-60 mu. The combined accessories are: spraying machinery (including seedling belt spray) rotary hoe ploughing (including seedling belt rotary hoe). (4) the soybean three-ridge cultivation method must formulate the implementation plan and operation rules of agricultural technology according to different ecological regions. 3. Expected benefits of popularization and application (economic, social, ecological) and market prospect prediction: "since the research of three ridges technology began in 1981, the method of experimental research and demonstration and popularization has been adopted in 1983. The effect of increasing production in experimental production is remarkable. From 1983 to 1991, it has been continuously expanded and popularized in Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Anhui and Huang-Huai-Hai regions of China, saving 1.52kg of seeds per mu. The popularization of the soybean three-ridge law has opened up a new way for the development of agricultural mechanization in China, and equipped with three-ridge farming machinery for the existing small tractors in rural areas (mainly used for transportation). It has played a certain role in promoting agricultural mechanization and the development of agricultural machinery industry.

Third, popularize the soybean three-ridge cultivation method in applicable areas and scope, which is now widely popularized in Northeast China. In recent years, it has been tested in Huang-Huai-Hai area (Shouxi Lake Farm in Anhui Province and Zhumadian area in Henan Province). The yield per mu was more than 150 kg in 1991 under flood conditions. The farming machinery of the three-ridge cultivation method has been used to sow corn, sorghum, sugar beet and other middle-tillage crops after replacing the parts of the planting wheel. after years of use, corn, sugar beet and other crops have achieved a significant yield-increasing effect.