New cultivation techniques for high quality and high yield of soybean

Soybean is one of the crops with short growth period. Drought, waterlogging, lodging, overgrowth and other unfavorable conditions during the growth period can lead to a substantial reduction in soybean yield. To develop soybean production, we must take the promotion of new varieties with high yield, high quality and disease resistance as the basis, assemble advanced science and new technology as the center, and take the road of improving per unit yield and benefit. How to improve per unit yield and efficiency, in recent years, various localities have carried out a series of innovative research and achieved good results. Now the relevant high-quality and efficient cultivation techniques and measures are sorted out and recommended to the majority of farmers.

1. Raising seedlings and transplanting. When the sowing time of soybean can not be sown due to disasters, such as continuous drought or overcast and rain, seedling transplanting can shorten the vegetative growth time and ensure sufficient growth period in the soybean field. Summer soybean seedlings can be raised 15 days before wheat harvest.

2. Root-cutting cultivation. Soybean belongs to straight-root crops, which is deeply embedded in the soil, but less in lateral roots. Timely cutting off the main root of soybean can promote the growth of soybean lateral root, increase nutrient absorption and enhance the nitrogen fixation ability of rhizobium. Root cutting should be carried out 10-11 days after sowing. The method is to cut off the main root with a thin shovel obliquely inserted into the ground of the bean seedling about 5 cm deep, and it is strictly forbidden to shift the bean seedling and damage the lateral root.

3. Pick the heart. For the soybean with the trend of overgrowth or greedy green late maturity, the top should be removed, which can promote branches, dwarf strong stems, prevent lodging, and make photosynthates input more flowers and pods, which is beneficial to increase flowers and pods and increase yield. Generally, the yield can be increased by more than 15%, and the top of the main stem is usually 1-3 cm long at the early or full flowering stage.

4. Chemical regulation. Lodging is the main problem in high-yield soybean field. During the growth period of soybean, the use of chemical control technology can promote strong and suppressed prosperity, increase flowers and protect pods, and increase yield. The main methods of chemical regulation of soybean are as follows:

(1) spraying paclobutrazol. Spraying 100-200 ml / kg paclobutrazol solution (20-30 kg / mu) from branch to early flowering stage can dwarf soybean plants, prolong the functional period of leaves, facilitate ventilation and light transmission in soybean fields, improve microclimate, prevent lodging and promote high yield. The concentration and frequency of use should depend on the growth of soybean.

(2) spraying triphenyliodoformic acid. Spray 100ml / kg triphenyliodoformic acid solution at the flowering stage of soybean, then use 200ml / kg triphenyliodoformic acid solution at intervals of 5-7 days, with a dosage of 50kg per mu. It can inhibit the growth advantage of soybean plant tip, promote the development of axillary buds, increase branches, dwarf plants, control prosperity and prevent lodging, increase flowering, reduce pod drop, and promote early maturity and yield increase.

(3) spraying sodium bisulfite. Spraying 50 kg / mu of 15-17% sodium bisulfite solution at early flowering stage and full flowering stage can reduce respiratory intensity and pod drop. During the flowering and pod period of soybean, 50 kg of Yanchang Ling solution of 20-30 ml / kg was sprayed every other week for 2 times in a row. It can reduce the shedding of pods by 10% and increase the yield by 10-15%.

5. Supplement trace elements. The trace element fertilizers needed for soybean growth are mainly molybdenum, manganese, zinc, boron, magnesium and so on. The content of these elements in soybean plants is very low, but they play a very important role in various physiological functions. Trace elements can promote the normal growth and development of soybean, increase the yield and improve the quality of soybean. Proper supplement of trace elements is an economical and effective method to increase production. For example, the trace element ammonium molybdate commonly used in soybean, the application of molybdenum can increase the yield by 5-20% (except alluvial soil), and the yield-increasing effect is the most significant in white serous soil, followed by black soil, sandy soil and loess. However, if the dosage is too much, it is easy to cause plant poisoning. In production, trace element deficiency can be effectively prevented by balanced fertilization by soil testing, seed coating with seed coating agent containing trace elements, seed dressing with micro-fertilizer and foliar spraying.

Prevention of boron deficiency: about 1 kg of borax or boric acid solution per mu is used as base fertilizer, or 0.1-0.2% borax or boric acid solution 50 kg is sprayed during the branching period of soybean.

Prevention of molybdenum deficiency: seed dressing or foliar spraying with ammonium molybdate can prevent molybdenum deficiency. For example, 1 gram of ammonium molybdate plus 40 grams of water can be mixed with 1 kg of soybean seeds, or foliar spraying of 0.01-0.1% ammonium molybdate solution 25-30 kg per mu during the branching period of soybean.

Prevention of zinc deficiency: first, seed dressing with 1 kg of zinc sulfate, 2-4 grams of 1 kg seed, dissolving zinc sulfate with a small amount of water before seed dressing; second, basic application of zinc sulfate under or next to seeds, 1 kg of zinc sulfate per mu of soybean field; third, foliar spraying, which can be carried out before the branching period, with a concentration of 0.01-0.05% zinc sulfate solution 50 kg.

Prevention of manganese deficiency: first, manganese sulfate mixed seeds, the dosage is 4-8 kg per kilogram of seeds; second, basic application, the amount of manganese sulfate is 2 kg per mu; third, foliar spraying. Can be carried out before the branching period, 0.05-0.1% manganese sulfate solution 50 kg.

The above foliar spraying is the dosage per mu.