Cultivation technique of Glycyrrhiza uralensis

Licorice is one of the main cash crops of 222 regiment, with a sown area of more than 800 hectares. The cultivated licorice is Ural red licorice, bright color, good quality, developed rhizome, deep into the soil, suitable for dry farming, saline-alkali tolerance, strong positive, like calcium, afraid of waterlogging, and strong vitality.

I. Land requirements

1. Select a place

In order to cultivate licorice, the sandy soil with flat terrain, loose texture, few weeds, high content of organic matter and convenient irrigation with pH value of 5-8 should be selected, and loam is better. Corn, barley and melon are better in the previous crop. Loess, black soil and humus can also be planted. Do not plant in beet stubble, sunflower stubble, heavy saline-alkali land and newly reclaimed wasteland.

two。 Land preparation

The root system of licorice is deep in the soil, and the depth of ploughing should not be less than 30 cm. In autumn, combined with deep ploughing, it is better to apply sufficient base fertilizer with fully mature barnyard manure. Before sowing, the soil was treated with 80 grams of 120 grams of fluralin per 667 square meters, and then raked with nail teeth to a depth of 4 centimeters. The quality of land preparation is required to meet the six-character standard.

II. Selection of varieties

The variety should be suitable for the local soil and water light and heat conditions. Our group chose Ural Glycyrrhiza uralensis, which has bright color, good quality and high economic benefit.

Mechanical film-laying and sowing

1. Licorice can be sown in spring, summer and autumn, and sowing in spring is the best. Sowing uses the grain seeder strip sowing tape to cover the film.

2. Sowing from the end of March to the middle and late April, the width of plastic film is 120 cm, and 1 film is used to sow under 4 rows of film. If the 2-year harvest is 3.5 kg per 667 square meters, and the 3-year harvest is 2-2.5 kg, and the sowing depth is 2.5-3 cm, the sowing must be with a depth limiter and a soil covering device.

IV. Field management

1. Fixed seedling

The seedlings were sown with plastic film, about 25000 seedlings were protected with 667 square meters. When the seedlings grew 2 true leaves, the over-dense seedlings and weak seedlings were pulled out, and the seedlings were fixed to 6 leaves or the seedling height was 10 cm, and the seedling spacing was 6 cm. If dead seedlings are found after licorice seedlings are unearthed, 100 grams of methyl topiramate powder + 250 grams of urea + 50 kilograms of water are used every 667 square meters, fully dissolved and sprayed on the leaves of the seedlings, which can effectively prevent the death of the seedlings.

two。 Irrigation

Licorice should keep the soil moist before and after emergence to facilitate seedling emergence and seedling growth. The sandy non-saline-alkali or slightly saline-alkali soil can be irrigated after sowing; the heavy or saline-alkali soil should be watered before sowing, grab the soil moisture and sow, and do not irrigate after sowing, so as to avoid soil consolidation and salinity increase. The key to the high yield of Glycyrrhiza uralensis is to protect seedlings. Generally, water should be irrigated once or twice in the sowing year, once in the second year after the plant is grown, and once before digging. Too many irrigation times will cause the root system to be difficult to root down, and there are many fibrous roots and hairy roots in the 20-30 cm part of the soil, which will affect the quality and commodity rate of licorice.

3. Intermediate ploughing and weeding

Weeding in the middle ploughing is carried out after emergence, and the quality of the operation is not pulling ditches, dragging heaps, burying seedlings, and not hurting seedlings. Before licorice germinates in spring in the second year, when weed seeds begin to germinate, cut or rake the ground mechanically. The weedy plots combined with raking land can achieve good weed control by spraying 80 grams of 120 grams of trifluralin or 2.4 murine D-butyl ester per 667 square meters.

4. Fertilizer application

Apply sufficient base fertilizer before sowing, barnyard manure is better, and 10-15 kg of phosphate fertilizer can also be applied deeply before autumn ploughing. Licorice root has rhizobium, can not apply nitrogen fertilizer, if the soil fertility is low, before the head water artificial application of urea 810 kg / 667 square meters.

5. Pest control

Licorice 15 true leaves, if the occurrence of green insects, every 667 square meters with methamidophos 100g 200g spray, aphids can be used omethoate 100g water spray. If two kinds of pests occur at the same time, the two kinds of pesticides can be sprayed together. Rust, powdery mildew and brown spot can be prevented and treated with 1000 times of powder powder and sulfur mixture of 0.3 Baume or 65% wettable Dysen zinc or 200 times of diazepam sodium, once every 7 days and 3 times in a row. Red spider can be sprayed with 1 ∶ 2000 dimethoate emulsion.

6. Mowing grass in autumn

Cut off the stem of licorice in autumn, destroy the overwintering places of bacteria and eggs, and reduce the number of overwintering eggs. Licorice stalk is also a good forage grass feed.

5. Harvest

1. The quality of licorice is better than that of 3-4 years. Cut off the stems and leaves before harvest, and use chain locomotives or high-horsepower locomotives to dig deep along both sides of the trench plough. Pick up the roots of licorice manually.

two。 Remove the residual stem, fibrous root and soil, do not wash with water, cut into different specifications and dry until 60% to 70% dry, pack tightly, place in a dry and ventilated place, until completely dry.

3. Licorice should be stored in a dry and ventilated place, and the moisture content of commercial licorice is 12%-14% to control stored pests. If there are pests, soak licorice in lime water for 2 hours or in a clear pool for half a month; expose licorice to the sun. During storage, regular inspection, disinfection, regular ventilation, and nitrogen filling with ozone can be sealed if necessary.