Control of non-physiological diseases of mushroom

(1) the malformations of deformed mushrooms are mostly caused by temperature differences or unfavorable environments, and may also be related to the strains. The main types of deformities are as follows:

1. The stalk is hollow. The mushroom on the mushroom bed looks normal, but when the mushroom foot is cut off, it is found that the stalk is partially hollow and there is usually a circular cavity around a hard core. Then, the stalk section may crack and roll back, making the mushroom lose its beauty and decline in quality. This is mainly caused by the low air humidity in the mushroom stage, the rapid evaporation of water in the mushroom body, the drying of the soil layer and the lack of moisture in the fruiting body.

two。 The stalk is cracked. The vertical cracking of the stalk is sometimes accompanied by horizontal cracking, which causes the stipe lobes to roll up and down. This is due to the cracking symptoms caused by mushrooms growing in very wet covered soil, then drying the covered soil, and then rapidly increasing the humidity of the covered soil.

3. The stalk is swollen. Occasionally, the mushroom stalk is enlarged, which may be at the base, middle or top of the stalk.

4. Scleroses. Diseased mushrooms with open umbrellas. Seen from the bottom up, the color is pale and the fold is very light or non-existent. If the cap breaks, the cap usually appears thicker than usual.

5. Ugly mushroom. The differentiation of fruiting body looks blurred and is often related to the first tide of mushrooms in autumn. Can not normally develop into a variety of ugly mushrooms, from the tumor to the shape of the fruiting body can be distinguished, but the cap is strangely shaped. Individual fruiting bodies may also be linked together.

(2) the symptoms of waterlogged mushrooms are clearly visible in the water entry area, especially in the stalk, where if the mushrooms are kneaded and squeezed, the water will come out; and sometimes the mature fruiting body will spontaneously release a large amount of clear or colored liquid and rot.

(3) Mushroom bud disease

1. Mushroom buds are clumps. Produce a large number of nailhead mushrooms, basically can not grow up. This occurs when the environment is too favorable for the formation of mushroom buds.

two。 Mushrooms are clumps. This disease is distinguished from the heterogeneity of mushroom production. The disparity of mushroom production is obvious and the reasons are different. Mushroom agglomeration means that mushrooms occur in piles, which is related to the periodic low temperature during the formation of mushroom buds.

3. Fungal quilt. When the hyphae grow and penetrate the soil, there is a thick layer of white hyphae on the surface of the soil. The bacteria are impervious and the emergence of mushrooms is hindered. This is due to high concentrations of carbon dioxide plus high humidity and high temperature. In addition to adjusting the environmental conditions, the remedy is to scratch the bacteria slightly and cover the soil with a new layer of soil immediately when the fungus has just occurred.

4. The mushroom bud died. It usually appears in the mushroom tide later, the bacteria in the covered soil is good, and the mushroom bud is still a community where mushroom buds die and do not produce mushrooms. It is usually caused by water soaking on the surface of the covered soil due to the existence of impervious mycelium layer in the covered soil. In contrast to the fungus cover disease, the disease is usually caused by insufficient spraying of water in the early stages of the mushroom, resulting in dense hyphae being planted in dry soil.

Dirty mushrooms when mushrooms come out of too deep covered soil, they are often covered with soil. The reason is that the emergence of mushrooms is delayed or the drying of the surface layer of the covered soil leads to deep emergence of mushrooms.

(5) the porous pink fold tissue was produced on the surface of the cap of rose crown disease. Verrucous or honeycomb-shaped, distributed from the pleats to the lid, pink or rose-colored diseased mushrooms are caused by contamination of hydrocarbons, phenols and other compounds, contaminated soil and the excessive use of certain pesticides.

(6) Browning is caused by bacterial spot disease, which is generally caused by high humidity and the frequent use of pentachlorophenol sodium solution to disinfect mushroom beds.

(7) scaling is caused by the natural reaction to air drying or pentachlorophenol sodium smoke from the mushroom bed.

(8) the symptoms of cryptic dry rot are similar to those of dry rot, but can restore growth and produce normal fruiting bodies. It is caused by spraying too much water for a long time.