Planting techniques of Carnation

Carnation is suitable to grow in a relatively dry, ventilated environment. Therefore, in rainy and hot seasons, irrigation times should be reduced and room temperature should be lowered.

Carnation is a light-loving plant and needs to choose a sunny, ventilated place. At the same time, carnation root shallow, suitable for growth in loose fertile, rich humus. Wet, well-drained sandy loam. For heavy soil, sawdust should be mixed with topsoil. pH 6.0 ~7.5 is suitable.

[Propagation methods] commonly used cuttage, seeding and tissue culture propagation.

Cuttage propagation: except summer high temperature, can be carried out. January to March and September to October are suitable for greenhouse, April to June and September to October for open field. Bed with seedbed or plastic box, substrate with 40% expanded pearlite and 60% peat moss mixture is best. Cuttings should be selected from the lateral branches in the middle of the plant, taking healthy and healthy branches, with broad leaves, deep color and not rolled, and the terminal buds not open. When picking cuttings, it is necessary to form a right angle with the opposite leaves of the mother plant stem, which is easy to break off and not to raise the mother plant stem. The broken lateral branches are immediately soaked to prevent wilting. The cuttings are about 10 cm long. Before cutting, 2 leaves at the base of cuttings were removed, 2~4 leaves at the upper part were kept, and the base was soaked with 0.2% IBA for 1~2 seconds. The optimum temperature for rooting is 10~13℃, and the cuttings will be damaged and rooting will be inhibited if the temperature exceeds 32℃. After insertion, water is poured once, 60%~70% sunshade net is used to shade, and roots are born 20~25 days after insertion.

Sowing propagation: autumn sowing is good, sowing temperature is 18~20℃, germination 7~10 days after sowing, normal germination rate is 60%. Seedlings need to be transplanted and cultivated for 2 to 3 months to become seedlings.

Tissue culture propagation: carnation virus disease occurs seriously in recent years, virus-free seedlings can be obtained by tissue culture propagation. The specific method is as follows: the explants can adopt high-quality non-toxic stem tips, disinfect and sterilize with 0.1% mercuric chloride for 10 minutes, wash with sterile water for 4~5 times, cut into 0.2~0.5 cm, inoculate on MS solid culture medium supplemented with naphthylacetic acid 0.2~1.0 mg/L and 6-benzylaminoadenine 0.5~2.0 mg/L, turn green after 3 days, elongate the stem tips after 3~4 weeks, and form clustered seedlings after 7 weeks. The clustered seedlings were divided and transferred to fresh medium for continuous culture. When the seedlings were 2~3 cm high, they could be transferred to 1/2MS medium and rooted after 20 days of culture. After rooting, it can be transplanted out of the bottle.

[Cultivation management] The substrate of potted carnation is a mixed soil of rotten leaf soil, coarse sand and culture soil. Seedling planting with 12 cm or 15 cm pots, should be shallow planting, planting do not hurt the roots, watering after planting. 20 days after planting, the first topping was carried out to promote the germination of lateral branches at the base. Keep the pot soil moist during the growth period, fertilize once every half month, and use "Huiyou"15-0-15 high calcium fertilizer. In order to control plant height, spray leaves with 0.25% long-term solution once a week for 2~3 times when the lateral branches are 15 cm high.

In order to make the top flowers large, each stem generally retains only the top flowers. When small flower buds appear in the leaf axils below the top, they should be removed in time, and the flower buds and leaf buds on the stem nodes should be erased at any time. When the flowers bloom, they can appear on the market.

[Pest Control] Stem rot often occurs in high temperature and humidity from May to September, and it should be removed immediately. Such as insufficient sunshine, high temperature and humidity, poor ventilation, rust will occur, available 50% chlorhexidine wettable powder 2000 times spray. In addition, carnation leaf spot disease, white silk disease is also a threatening disease, affecting the growth and flowering of carnation, and even the whole plant died. 500 times solution of 75% zineb wettable powder can be sprayed. Insect pests have aphids and red spiders harm, occurs with 40% omethoate EC 1000 times spray kill.

Potted carnation is a new product and new variety in the 1990s. At present, only the United States, the Netherlands, Japan and other countries produce, due to lack of provenance, growth cycle needs 150 days, production is not large, in the international market is still in short supply. China is only at the stage of introduction and trial planting. Potted carnation adorns bedroom, windowsill, balcony, have fresh feeling and contemporary feeling. Use it to display hotels, commercial buildings, stations and other public places, more gorgeous, bright, eye-catching, appreciation.