Cultivation and Management techniques of Carnation

cultivation and management techniques

1. Environmental selection and infrastructure According to the characteristics of carnation, the cultivation environment should be selected in the clay loam with dry terrain, convenient irrigation, flat land and low soil salt content. In winter, the groundwater level is below 80-100 cm, the roots will not be flooded during floods and waterlogging, and the salt content of 20 cm topsoil is below 0.1%. The soil with too high salt content and too much alkalinity will affect the growth of roots, even burn roots and die seedlings. It must be fully leached by rain or flooded with deep water to reduce the salt content before it can be used as a carnation planting base. In order to prevent rain and moisture, meet the growth environment of carnation, in the Yangtze River basin should be built steel plastic greenhouse. Considering the comprehensive factors such as the variety collocation of carnation, reasonable utilization of labor force and market, the base should have a certain scale to achieve higher economic benefits.

Carnation, like many crops, cannot be continuously cropped. When carnation bases are planned, crop rotation and land fallow must be arranged. The previous crop of carnation should be a shallow root crop. Paddy soil has less pathogenic bacteria and xerophyte and low salt content, so it is an ideal preceding crop, but it should be deeply ploughed and frozen in winter to improve the soil structure. There should be pollution-free, low-salinity water or tap water near the base for carnation irrigation, and a pump and corresponding pipes and valves should be installed according to the water required for carnation production. A 1-meter-deep main drainage ditch should be opened around the base, which is connected with the water outlet. The ditch between the greenhouses is 50 cm deep and connected with the main ditch.

2. Variety selection and seedling propagation

(1) Variety selection At present, the carnation planted in China can be divided into three types: large flower type, medium flower type and multi-flower type, most of which are introduced from Holland, France, Israel and Germany. The varieties selected by the production unit should have the conditions of strong disease resistance, fast growth, high yield (especially winter flower yield), few cracked buds, good quality and strong marketability. In recent years, a number of fine varieties have been screened out by comparing the experiments of scientific research units and flower seed farms.

(2) Seedling propagation

○1 High quality seedlings High quality seedlings are the key to success or failure of carnation production. High quality seedlings should first have the excellent characteristics of the original variety, and the first generation seedlings directly from the introduced female parent or the virus-free tissue culture seedlings can meet the above requirements. The second is to select cuttings with good root system, thick stem, short internode, no disease spot, moderate seedling stage and seedling age.

○2 Establishment of female parent nursery The female parent nursery should be set up in a greenhouse far away from the carnation production site. A high bed should be built above the ground. Peat, chaff ash and pearlite should be mixed as substrates. Drip irrigation and nutrient solution cultivation should be used as much as possible. Nutrient solution concentration is 0.1%-0.2%, 2-3 times a week, EC value of matrix is 1-1.5, nutrient solution formula is shown in Table 2.

Female parent seedlings should be imported female parent seedlings or virus-free tissue culture seedlings produced in China. The number of female parents is generally 1/25-1/30 of the required number of ears. The planting time of female parent is determined according to the number of ears picked and the time of seedling used in production. Generally, the seedlings are planted in September-October.

○3 Cutting carnation cuttings can be used in high bed or ground bed, with pearlite, chaff ash as cutting substrate, the bottom of the cuttings filled with 2-3 cm diameter stone particles or cinder, to facilitate drainage. An electric heating wire is arranged below the cuttage substrate. The lateral buds sprouted from the middle 2-3 nodes of the female stem are used as cuttings. When the lateral buds are 10-12 cm long and 8-10 leaves, the lateral buds are broken off and arranged, 6-8 leaves are reserved, the base is neat, and the rooting powder is dipped. Then insert the prepared cuttage bed at a row spacing of 2-2.5 cm, and immediately irrigate it with water and shade it with a sunshade net. After spraying water according to the weather, keep the leaves moist, no longer shade after the new roots are sprouted, the temperature of the cutting bed is kept at 15-20℃, the roots begin to take root in 14 -15 days, and the seedlings can be transplanted in 25 -30 days.

3. Tilling, soil preparation and disinfection of carnation should be carried out 2 months before planting. After harvesting the previous crop of carnation, there should be at least 1 month of fallow period, so that the soil can be fully tilled and mineralized, rained, reduced soil salinity and improved soil maturity.

3 ridges are made in a plastic greenhouse with the length of 30 meters and the width of 6 meters, the width of the ridge is 1-1.1 meters, the width of the middle ditch is 60 centimeters, the width of the shed side ditch is 75-80 centimeters, and the height of the ridge is 30 centimeters, 1500-2000 kilograms of fully decomposed pig manure or cow dung are applied to each shed, the soil is turned into the surface soil below 10 centimeters from the ridge surface, 15-20 kilograms of compound fertilizer is applied to the ridge surface, after the ridge surface is leveled, formaldehyde solution (formalin) of 0.1 percent to 0.3 percent is poured into the soil, and a plastic film is immediately covered, After 10 days, remove the film and loosen the soil for 2-3 times, so that the formaldehyde in the soil can be fully volatilized, and seedlings can be obtained.

4. At present, the planting time of carnation in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces is usually from April to May, because the climate is suitable during this period, the seedling price is relatively low, and after 2-3 times of topping, it can enter the full bloom in December, and the flower price is relatively high. Early planting can improve seedling survival in areas with high subsoil salinity or night tide. If the topping is stopped in April, the flowering stage enters in July, all plants are cut back in the middle of July, and systematic arrangement is made in the last ten days of July, and the second flowering stage appears around the Spring Festival. However, this cultivation method has fewer provenances, higher seedling prices, greater difficulty in summer backcutting, and lower flower prices in July, and can only be used in breeding seedling units or areas with low survival rate in early summer.

The planting density is usually between 35-50 plants per square meter. The density with weak branching ability and late planting time can be higher, and vice versa.

Previous [1] [2] Next