Seedling cultivation of Carnation

Propagation method Carnation cut flower production seedlings can be propagated by cutting, striping, tissue culture and other methods, usually mainly by cutting.

Cutting can be carried out at any time except in summer, but it is suitable to be carried out from January to March, especially from late January to early February, and the survival rate is the highest. It is better to cut in the morning, evening or cloudy day. Through the variety cultivation experiment, the lateral buds (i.e. the 3rd and 4th buds) of the mother plant with strong growth and good quality were selected as cuttings. When the top bud diameter lcm, pull down the branches, so that the cuttings with a heel-shaped part, easy to survive, to avoid using a knife to cause wound infection. It can also be used to pick ears after the main stem of the mother plant has grown to 5-6 nodes. Cuttings should retain 4-5 pairs of leaves and intact stem tips to facilitate photosynthesis to produce auxin and other nutrients. The cuttings are long 12~14cm, and the wax protective tissue on the leaf surface is well formed. Proper amount of rooting powder should be prepared before cutting. The base of the cutting bud is placed in rooting powder for about 6 mm long, and then the ramet is inserted into the substrate, each hole is inserted into a bud node, usually 2 Mel 3 cm deep. Immediately after the cuttings were taken, they were cut or sorted into 20 or 30 branches and soaked in 30min to make them absorb enough water before cutting. Do not wilt the branches and affect the survival rate. The cutting medium can be 1 beat 2 peat plus 1 hammer 2 perlite, or sand, cutting spacing 2~5cm, spraying water and shading in time after cutting to prevent water transpiration and soil moisture loss, room temperature is controlled at 10: 13 ℃, about 20 days to heal and take root. Pay attention to the watering tools and wash them thoroughly before using them.

The temperature of nursery room should be controlled at 21 ℃ 24 min. If the temperature is higher than this temperature, the growth and development of the seedling is weak, which is disadvantageous to transplanting. If the noodles below 20 ℃ are easy to rely on seedlings or hinder the hairy roots, the roots are easy to rot due to excessive humidity. Under the condition of suitable temperature and humidity, the seedlings can be formed in 22 days. During the seedling raising period, 75% mancozeb 500 times solution and 50% Dianong 800 times solution were also used as protective parts spray to prevent diseases and insect pests. One day before transplanting, shovel the seedlings together with the cutting medium around the roots into large plastic bags with the same height as the seedlings, and put them in a single layer of cardboard boxes with holes, 25 seedlings per plastic bag, 10 bags per box.

Put the variety and cutting date label on the outside of the box, put the seedlings in the greenhouse for one night, and spray enough water when moving into the big room to prevent drying up. If diseased plants are found when shoveling seedlings, they should be taken out of the greenhouse and buried or burned. Do not pull up the seedlings with your hands.

At present, the carnation virus disease is becoming more and more serious. Tissue culture is widely used in order to obtain virus-free seedlings and speed up propagation. The method is to disinfect the explant according to the routine operation, cut off the stem tip of 0.2~0.5mm in the aseptic operation room, inoculate it on the culture medium, and grow into virus-free seedlings after about 2 months of culture.

Cultivation and management in hot summer areas mostly adopt one-year cultivation, that is, planting in early summer, ending in early summer of the following year.

1. The sandy loam with aerated surface layer and good structure was selected as the cultivation land for soil preparation and fertilization. Base fertilizer is applied before soil preparation, mainly peat or barnyard manure. Turn over deeply, level off and make a bed. The width of the border is 1.1 m, and the trail with a width of 0.6 m between the two borders is easy to manage. If there are pathogens harmful to the growth of carnation in the soil, the soil must be disinfected before planting.

2. The time from planting to flowering of carnation is generally about 4-5 months, and the planting time can be adjusted appropriately according to the market demand for flowers. General cuttings after emergence, if transplanted in March, planted in the field in May, flowering in mid-late September. The fixed row spacing is 15cm × 15cm, which is about 45 plants per square meter. If each plant produces 6 to 7 branches of flowers, it will yield 6 million to 10 million flowers per mu. When planting, the soil must be kept moist, as shallow as possible, after planting, the original rooting medium can be slightly exposed to the soil surface, to keep the seedlings strong and upright, the planting position is neat, do not get rid of the root soil brought by the seedlings. After planting, one by one should be ditched and watered, and the seedbed should not be completely wet before the plant grows obviously, so as to avoid root rot. A small amount of water should be watered within 7-10 days after planting in summer until the plant obviously grows new shoots.

3. After planting, it is necessary to open the net in time to protect the seedlings in order to prevent the lodging of the seedlings. The grid size is equal to the row spacing of the seedlings, the first layer is 15cm from the ground, the layer spacing is about 20cm, and there can be 4-5 layers, so that each plant is in a suitable grid and does not lodge. When the plant grows to the height of 7cm, coring can be carried out to promote the plant to be more branched and form clusters. During coring, the two leaves in the heart and the upper part can be removed, and 5 pairs of leaves can be retained. It can be carried out repeatedly to make the plant form a cluster until it stops picking the heart in July. Generally, it takes 6 months to pick the heart to blossom, which can be used to stagger the florescence. In addition to picking the heart, it is also necessary to pick buds and buds in time. If there is a purpose to retain the branches, the rest of the lateral buds and the upper lateral buds should be removed to ensure the concentrated supply of nutrients to the main buds. Dry-wet alternation should be carried out at seedling stage, and moderate "squatting seedlings" should be carried out 2 or 3 times after middle tillage to promote the development of plant roots to the lower layer of soil. Throughout the growth period, there must be an adequate supply of fertilizer, so that thin fertilizer can be applied frequently. Topdressing once every 15 days after planting. Fertilization should be applied frequently in the peak growing season from August to September and from April to May, once every 5 to 7 days. Moderate cooling in summer, shading net can be used to avoid direct sunlight, or combined with spray to provide a good artificial microclimate, otherwise too high temperature will make carnation narrow leaves, small flowers, poor branching phenomenon. Pay attention to heat preservation and ventilation in winter.