Cultivation method of narrow row and close planting of soybean

Narrow row and close planting of soybean is an advanced cultivation technique which has been widely used and developed rapidly in the world at present. Since the early 1990s, on the basis of digesting and absorbing foreign technology, combining with the natural characteristics and production conditions of our province, narrow row and close planting cultivation technology of soybean suitable for production conditions of our province has been explored.

Narrow row and dense planting of soybean can be divided into two types: flat planting and ridge planting. The former one is flat sowing, flat tube, narrow row close planting cultivation, the latter one is narrow row close planting cultivation based on ridge, which can be divided into large ridge narrow row close planting and small ridge narrow row close planting.

1. Select suitable varieties and do a good job in seed treatment

Narrow row close planting must be based on the premise of "no serious lodging", otherwise it will not only not increase yield, but also reduce yield. Therefore, dwarf and semi-dwarf varieties with lodging resistance and high yield-increasing potential should be selected for narrow row and dense planting. Hefeng 25, Hefeng 35, Suinong 14, Beifeng 14, Beifeng 11, Hongfeng 11 and Heihe 22 were suitable varieties for production. In addition, the varieties or strains selected earlier than the local maturity stage showed more yield, such as Heijiao 99-1372 selected by Bayan, Baofeng 9 and Beifeng 11 selected by Huachuan County, which were all types with early maturity stage in the local area. This point could be used as reference basis for selecting varieties, but the maturity stage should not be too early, otherwise the accumulated temperature would be wasted and the yield would be affected.

Seeds should be carefully selected before sowing, and soybean seed selection machine or artificial seed selection should be used to remove diseased spots, insect food grains and impurities, so as to achieve seed classification standards above grade II fine varieties. The purity is not lower than 98%, the germination rate is not lower than 85%(seedling rate), and the water content is not higher than 13%. Seed dressing should be carried out according to pest species and soil conditions. The main underground diseases and insect pests affecting soybean yield are mainly cyst nematode, root rot and root maggot. Soybean seed coating agents such as 35% keduofu seed coating agent can be used to control them according to the ratio of drug to seed 1:75-100, or 35% ethyl sulfur cyclic phosphorus or 35% methyl sulfur cyclic phosphorus can be used to treat seeds according to 0.5% seed weight 50% duofu mixture or 0.3% seed weight 50% carbendazim. Soybean cyst nematode can be controlled by seed dressing with 2% seed amount of soybean root protection agent, and at the same time prevent root rot.

II. Fine land preparation

Rational ploughing and fine soil preparation can ripen soil, store water and preserve moisture, eliminate weeds and reduce diseases and insect pests, which is the basis of soybean seedling growth and one of the fundamental measures for soybean yield increase. Narrow row dense planting has stricter requirements on soil tillage layer. Flat narrow row dense planting does not shovel during growth period, and its ability to increase temperature, prevent drought and resist waterlogging is weakened. It requires a good soil tillage layer condition, such as deep tillage layer, flat surface and fine soil. With large ridge and narrow row dense planting, due to the increase of rows on the ridge, it increases the difficulty of mechanical sowing, so the soil preparation requirements are higher than those of conventional ridge planting, not only requiring deep ploughing layer, but also requiring flat topsoil, clean land and fine soil on the ridge. Flat sowing narrow row close planting, no deep tillage deep soiling foundation of the plot, late autumn tillage or harrowing stubble deep soiling soil preparation to achieve the state of waiting for sowing. Deep, flat, and fine.

Both narrow row dense planting with large ridge and narrow row dense planting with small ridge should be ridged on the basis of soil preparation in summer and autumn, and ridged with deep tillage or stubble. The narrow row dense planting of large ridge can be made into a large ridge of 90-140 cm by a platform machine, the height of the ridge is 15-18 cm, the height from the ridge to the ridge platform after the ridge body is compacted is 18 cm, and the narrow row dense planting of small ridge can be made into a small ridge of 45-50 cm by an ordinary ridging plow, and the ridge is pressed after ridging to reach the state of waiting for sowing.

III. Increase fertilizer input

Narrow row close planting to achieve high yield, it is necessary to increase fertilizer input and rational application. The first is to increase the application of agricultural fertilizer. The application amount per hectare of medium fertility plot is more than 22.5 tons. The chemical fertilizer should be combined with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The application amount should be increased by more than 15% compared with conventional ridge cultivation. If conditions permit, soil testing and formula fertilization should be carried out. Generally, in medium fertility plot, 150-225 kg of diammonium phosphate and 60-75 kg of potassium sulfate or potassium chloride should be applied per hectare. Potassium fertilizer may not be applied for biological seed dressing. Trace element fertilizers should also be applied to the ground. Fertilizers and fertilizers must be applied deep or in layers.

When the soybean grows poorly in the early stage, it is sprayed with 10 kg urea and 1.5 kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate dissolved in 500 kg water per hectare at the initial flowering stage. Micro-fertilizer spraying can be added to plots without micro-fertilizer as seed fertilizer or seed dressing.

IV. Sowing

1. Planting method: clear seed or large proportion interplanting.

2. Sowing date: sowing at appropriate time, sowing when the ground temperature is stable through 7-8℃, from April 25 to May 10 in the central and southern regions, and from May 5 to May 15 in the northern and eastern regions.

3. Sowing method: Parallel narrow row dense planting can be done with 24-row seeder, blocking one seeding port every other, or using JohnDeer's combined seeder. 30 cm row spacing, in addition to the above models, but also can be developed by Dongnong rely on small four-wheel drive 1.4 meters precision seeder.

Big ridge narrow row dense planting, mechanical ridge according to the row equidistant precision sowing, three ridge into two ridge ridge spacing of 90-105 cm big ridge, with Hailun agricultural machinery repair factory production of four rows on the ridge sowing; two ridge into one ridge spacing of 120-140 cm big ridge with Huachuan Huafeng 2BKM-IB type big ridge narrow row special sowing machine on the ridge sowing 6 rows. 45-50 cm small ridge can be adjusted appropriately on the original model, sowing 2 rows on the ridge.

4. Density: 330,000 - 380,000 seedlings per hectare in the central and southern regions, 360,000 - 460,000 seedlings per hectare in the northern regions.