Key techniques of narrow row and close planting of soybean

Soybean narrow row close planting cultivation is an advanced cultivation technology with large application area and rapid development in the world. Heilongjiang Province began in the early 1990s and was identified as a key research project of the provincial party committee in 1995.

First, select suitable varieties and do a good job in seed treatment

Dwarf and semi-dwarf varieties with high yield potential with lodging resistance must be selected for narrow-row close planting. At present, the suitable varieties for production are Hefeng 25, Hefeng 35, Suinong 14, Beifeng 14, Beifeng 11, Hongfeng 11, Heihe 22 and so on.

The seeds should be carefully selected before sowing, and the diseased spots, insect-eating grains and impurities should be removed by soybean seed selecting machine or artificial seed selection, so as to reach the seed classification standard of more than the second-class improved seed. The purity is not less than 98%, the germination rate is not less than 85% (seedling rate), and the water content is not higher than 13%. Seed dressing should be carried out according to the types of diseases and insect pests and soil conditions. The main underground diseases and insect pests affecting soybean yield are cyst nematode, root rot and root maggots. Soybean seed coating agents such as 35% Kedofu seed coating agent can be used to control soybean seed coating according to the seed ratio of 1% to 75% 100. It can also be controlled by 35% ethyl thiocarbophos or 35% methyl thiocarbophos by 0.59 of the seed amount. At present, there are many kinds of coating agents in the market, and the effects are quite different, so we should pay attention to the choice when using them. Soybean root rot can be controlled by 50% mixture of 0.5% seeds or 50% carbendazim with 0.3% seeds. The control of soybean cyst nematode can be treated with 2% soybean root preservative and prevent root rot at the same time.

Second, fine land preparation

Flat sowing narrow row close planting, no deep ploughing and deep loosening foundation land preparation, ploughing and autumn ploughing or raking stubble deep loosening preparation, ploughing depth 18~20cm, raking stubble depth 12~15cm, deep loosening depth 25cm, ploughing, autumn ploughing or raking stubble deep loosening soil preparation should reach the state of waiting for sowing. The land with deep turning and deep loose foundation can be raked in autumn, deep 12~15cm, flat and fine.

Close planting in narrow rows of large ridges and narrow rows of small ridges should be ridged on the basis of soil preparation in autumn, turning ridges in autumn or raking stubble deep loosening ridges. The big ridge narrow row dense planting can be used to make the big ridge of 90~140cm, the dragon high 15~18cm, the ridge body compacted after the ridge trench to the ridge platform height 18cm, the small ridge narrow row dense planting can use the ordinary ridge plough to beat the small ridge of 45~50cm, after ridging, suppress, reach the state of waiting for sowing.

Third, increase fertilizer input

First of all, increase the application of agricultural fertilizer, the amount of fertilizer per hectare is more than 22.5 tons, chemical fertilizer should be combined with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the application rate should be increased by more than 159 compared with conventional ridge cropping. Soil testing and formula fertilization should be carried out if possible, generally medium fertility plots, with diammonium phosphate 150~225kg, potassium sulfate or potassium chloride 60~75kg per hectare, seed dressing with biological potassium fertilizer can not apply potassium fertilizer, but also apply trace element fertilizer according to the land. Secondly, agricultural fertilizer and chemical fertilizer must be applied deeply or layer by layer. Soybean was sprayed in 500kg water with urea 10kg plus potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5kg per hectare at the early flowering stage. The plots without micro-fertilizer as seed fertilizer or seed dressing without micro-fertilizer can be sprayed with micro-fertilizer.

Fourth, sowing seeds

1. Clear seed or large proportion interplanting is used in the planting method.

two。 The sowing time was timely, and the sowing began when the ground temperature passed steadily through 7 to 8 ℃, from April 25 to May 10 in the central and southern part of Heilongjiang Province, and from May 5 to May 15 in the northern and eastern regions.

3. A 24-row planter can be used for horizontal planting and dense planting in narrow rows, and a sowing port can be blocked at another sowing opening, or a combined seeding machine produced by JOhnDeer Company can be used. 30cm line spacing, in addition to the above models, can also use Dongnong developed by relying on small four-wheel drive 1.4m precision on-demand machine.

Large ridge, narrow row and dense planting, mechanical ridge with equal distance and precision sowing, three ridges changing into two ridges into 90~105cm ridges, sowing seeds with four rows of planters on ridges produced by Helen Agricultural Machinery repair Factory, etc.; the ridge spacing of two ridges into one ridge is sown on the ridges of Huafeng 2BKM-IB special wide ridge planter for narrow rows in Huachuan, 6 rows are sown on the ridge. The small ridge of 45~50cm can be properly adjusted on the original model, and 2 rows can be planted on the ridge.

4. Density: 33 ~ 380000 seedlings per hectare in the middle and south of Heilongjiang Province and 36 ~ 460000 seedlings per hectare in the north.

V. Field management

1. Chemical weeding

First, before sowing, 50% ethanamide EC 2500~3000ml (or 90% Hornez 1560~2200m1) per hectare plus 70% Saikejin wettable powder 300g 600g or add 40% guangmycin 800~1000ml or 15g 25g per hectare, or 72% Dur EC per hectare 1500~3000mg was used to spray water 200kg soil.

Second, the treatment of stems and leaves was carried out at the stage of 2-4 leaves of weeds after the emergence of soybean seedlings. Use 5% refined grass EC 900~1500ml per hectare, or use 15% concentrate to kill EC 750~100n1, or use 10.89 high efficiency capping herbaceous energy EC 450ml, or use 6.9k microbar concentrated emulsion 750~900ml, or use 12.59 Napujing EC 1250~1500ml, spray with water 200kg. To control broad-leaf weeds, use 25% 1000~1500ml per hectare, or use 24% weed incinerator 1000~1500ml, 200kg spray with water.

Third, the temperature of autumn pesticide application is stable below 10 ℃ in autumn, and the soil moisture is suitable (the soil moisture is suitable). After raking and leveling the ground first, spray medicine, rake once with the locomotive traction disc, rake deep 10~15cm, wait for the whole field to be applied, and then rake the ground at right angles with the first direction, the second rake depth is the same as the first rake depth, and then ridge. Autumn application can effectively control weeds in the following spring, and the dosage is 10-20% more than that in spring. Per hectare, 70% Duer EC 2500~3500ml plus 48% guanmycin EC 800~1000ml or 50% quick-harvest powder 120g 180g, or 90% Hornez 2200~2500ml plus 50% quick-harvest 180g.