Causes and technical measures of soybean yield reduction in successive cropping
With China's entry into WTO and the opening policy of grain market, the problem of soybean planting is becoming more and more serious, and the reduction range increases with the increase of continuous cropping years. According to investigation and study, the yield of soybean decreased by 6.1%, by 9.9% in one year, by 13.8% in two years and by 19.0% in three years. Moreover, the yield of soybean decreased by 100 seeds, the rate of diseased seeds and insect eating increased, and the quality of soybean decreased significantly.
According to the research of scientific research department, the relationship between soil nutrient consumption and absorption, root exudates, root stubble decomposition, rhizosphere microorganisms, soil diseases and insect pests, rhizosphere environment and plant metabolism of soybean was studied. The main reason of soybean yield reduction in successive cropping is the serious diseases and insect pests at root. Due to the serious damage of root diseases and insect pests and the deterioration of soil environment, the normal physiological activities of soybean roots were destroyed, the physiological vitality of roots was reduced, the symbiotic nitrogen fixation system was destroyed, the absorption capacity of roots was inhibited, the metabolism of plants was weakened, the growth of plants was slow, the synthesis and accumulation of dry matter were reduced, and the yield and quality of soybean were reduced.
Under the unavoidable condition of soybean continuous cropping, effective technical measures must be taken actively to mitigate the harm of continuous cropping.
1. Reasonable crop rotation, minimize continuous cropping and maintain appropriate cropping ratio.
2. Choose varieties with strong resistance. It can mutate rhizosphere microorganism and physiological race adapted to diseases and insect pests, and effectively reduce the harm of successive crops.
3. Reasonable tillage, increasing fertilizer, improving soybean growth environment, autumn soil preparation, applying trace element fertilizer, supplementing trace element deficiency in successive cropping plots are effective ways to alleviate the harm of successive cropping and increase yield.
4, appropriate increase in sowing density, increase the number of plants, play the role of the population is an effective measure to mitigate the damage, generally 8 - 10% more than the sowing amount of the first crop of soybeans, and improve the quality of sowing.
5. Strengthen field management and control pests and weeds. The yield and quality of continuous cropping soybean decreased, which was caused by many factors, and was the result of interaction of various adverse factors. Therefore, in order to plant successive cropping soybean well, comprehensive cultivation techniques must be adopted to reduce the harm of successive cropping to the maximum extent by improving the growth environment of soybean, satisfying the required nutrition, strengthening the resistance of soybean itself, strengthening the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, etc.
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Yield reduction reasons and yield protection techniques of soybean continuous cropping cultivation
The main results are as follows: 1. the reasons for the yield reduction of continuous cropping soybean are slow growth, dwarfism, yellow leaf color, few pods and few seeds, resulting in a significant decrease in yield. In the short term, continuous cropping will aggravate the harm of cyst nematode, root maggot, root rot, heart borer, gray spot and malignant weeds, and the partial consumption of soil nutrients, resulting in the deficiency of soil nutrient elements and the increase of pathogenic fungi in soil. the number of beneficial bacteria decreased, and some toxins were produced, which led to a serious decline in soybean yield and quality. In the long run, after long-term accumulation and reproduction, diseases and insects
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Soil improvement techniques for soybean cultivation
1. Soil conditions for high soybean yield Soil conditions are the basis for high soybean yield. Soil moisture status, nutrient status and some physical properties of soil are important factors affecting soybean yield. Soybean seeds require more water for germination than cereal crops. The young roots of soybean are soft and have a large moisture content. Suitable soil moisture conditions can promote the young roots to extend to depth. The main root of the plant can reach about 1 meter, and the lateral root can extend parallel to about 0.5 meters. When soil moisture is insufficient, it will affect its vertical and horizontal expansion growth.
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