Efficient cultivation techniques of soybean intercropping muskmelon

Soybean 4 ∶ 2 intercropping muskmelon, muskmelon replanting Chinese cabbage in the next crop, three harvests in one area, and an income of more than 15000 yuan per hectare is a new planting model with high yield and high efficiency.

1. Select new varieties

1.1 Jinta soybean with strong branching and super high yield was selected as soybean variety. Jinta soybean has six outstanding characteristics: ① has strong growth potential, Jinta soybean plant height is 70cm / 80cm, stalk is stout, and lodging resistance is high; ② has strong branching force, 8 / 10 branches per plant, up to 16 branches, branches up, the plant is fan-shaped and non-branching, which overcomes the characteristics of strong branching soybean, and the plant type is ideal. ③ had dense pods, 200,250 pods per plant, with a maximum of 400 pods, and the pod density was 2-3 times higher than that of other soybeans. 3 pods are in the majority, the yield per plant is 75g 100g, the highest is 400g; ④ is of good quality, golden bean grain, large and uniform grain, 22g grain weight 25g, high oil and protein content; ⑤ has strong stress resistance, growth period is 120d, need effective accumulated temperature 2450 ℃, drought resistance, moisture tolerance, saline-alkali tolerance, like fertilizer and water, it is suitable for planting in areas with effective accumulated temperature above 2450 ℃ in Jilin, Liaohe, Inner Mongolia. ⑥ has high and stable yield, with a yield of 4000kg to 5000kg per hectare. It is a high quality soybean variety with high yield.

1.2 muskmelon varieties were selected with early maturity and high sugar.

two。 Cultivation mode

Jinta soybean has strong plants, many branches and dense pods, so it should be sparsely planted. The new model of 4-row intercropping of soybean and 2-row intercropping of muskmelon and replanting of Chinese cabbage in the next stubble of muskmelon was adopted. the distance between soybean holes was 40 cm or 20 cm, and 57000 seedlings were protected per hectare. In this model, soybean has good ventilation and light transmission, plays an edge advantage role, prevents soybean from falling flowers, increases pod setting rate, and increases soybean yield; muskmelon uses soybean shade to reduce the harm of high temperature to muskmelon, make muskmelon mature early and increase yield, and the benefit is high.

3 planting techniques

3.1 Soybean insists on sparse planting cultivation

Apply 1520 cubic meters of agricultural fertilizer per hectare, 150,200kg of diammonium phosphate, 150kg of potash fertilizer, or 300kg of three-element compound fertilizer, ridging deeply, with a distance of 60cm to 65cm.

Sow seeds at the right time in Jilin Province from late April to early May, and sow seeds in other areas according to local conditions. Before sowing, 20 grams of ammonium molybdate and 500 grams of water were used to mix seeds with 10 kilograms, which could significantly increase the yield. Planter sitting in water, 40 or 20 cm apart, sowing 2 to 3 seeds per hectare, sowing 25 to 30 kg per hectare, planting 4 ridges and 2 ridges, covering soil 3 to 4 cm, pressing to preserve soil moisture.

The seedlings were fixed with 3 leaves and 4 leaves, with 1 plant per shoot and 2 seedlings with a distance of 40 cm. If the seedlings were found to be deficient, they should be replanted or replanted in time.

Ploughing and weeding is generally shoveled three times, loosen the soil and weed, and set up a large ridge before closing the ridge. Herbicides can also be used to weed.

From seedling stage to flowering stage, spraying 15kg water, spraying once every 10-15 days and spraying 3 times continuously for 4 times from seedling stage to flowering stage can not only effectively control soybean disease, but also significantly enhance drought resistance, lodging resistance, premature senescence resistance, flowering resistance, pollination and insemination ability, make pods more, seeds full, mature earlier, and increase yield. Spraying the mixture in the later stage can also prevent frost injury and prolong the growth period.

3.2 "four early and one repeat" cultivation of muskmelon

Early selection of early maturing super muskmelon varieties.

Early in April, Jilin Province sowed and raised seedlings in a small arch shed with a seedling age of about 30 days. Strengthen management and cultivate strong seedlings.

In the middle of May, muskmelon was planted with plastic film in the open ridge of soybeans, and the distance between seedlings was 40 cm.

Management promotes early and timely pruning, starting from the seedling stage, spraying with 10g of Sheng Nuisu, 25g of copper sulfate, 50g of urea, 15kg of water, once in 10-15 days and 3 times in succession can not only effectively control diseases, but also double the number of flowers and fruits and increase the yield significantly after 5-7 days of early maturity. Melons are replanted with Chinese cabbage after harvest.

4. A new method of disease prevention

4.1 Control of soybean diseases

Soybean virus disease, bacterial angular spot and leaf burn were sprayed once in 5-7 days, and sprayed 2 times 3 times in 5-7 days.

Soybean fungal diseases such as root rot, Fusarium wilt, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, leaf spot and downy mildew were sprayed once in 5-7 days and sprayed for 3 times.

4.2 Disease control of muskmelon

Muskmelon Fusarium wilt, vine blight, blight, anthracnose, bacterial angular spot with 10 grams of saint agronomy, 25 grams of copper sulfate, 15 kilograms of water, spray once in the initial 5-7 days, 2-3 times.

Muskmelon virus disease was sprayed once in 5-7 days, 2 times in succession, with 10 grams of Sheng, 7.5 grams of agricultural streptomycin, 50 grams of urea and 15 grams of water.

Muskmelon powdery mildew was sprayed once in 5-7 days, even 2 times. The front, back and fruit of the leaves should be sprayed to the front, back and fruit when spraying muskmelon powdery mildew, 10 grams of Shennongsu, 12 grams of powdery mildew, 15 grams of Jingangmycin, 50 grams of urea, 15 kilograms of water.

Muskmelon downy mildew can be controlled by spraying once in 3-5 days and spraying twice in the early 3-5 days with 10 grams of Saint-Nuisu, 25 grams of mancozeb, 50 grams of urea and 15 grams of water.