Health Management and Disease Control Technology of intensive Rabbit Farm

Intensive rabbit farm is a large-scale rabbit product production enterprise with industrial management, which has the characteristics of standardized management, high feeding density, fast turnover of rabbits, high operation efficiency and so on. There are many advantages of intensive production: the production workshop is relatively closed, frequent reproduction in four seasons, efficient recycling of equipment, balanced batch listing of products. The disadvantage is that frequent and high-speed operation brings pressure to epidemic prevention, which is easy to cause high incidence.

The epidemic control of intensive rabbit farms is different from the traditional industry. All diseases that may lead to a decline in operating profits, including acute and chronic infectious diseases, stress diseases, nutritional diseases and all kinds of injuries, are the key to epidemic control. The object of prevention and control is not a single rabbit but the whole population. Therefore, giving priority to prevention, prevention is more important than treatment is the basic point of health and epidemic prevention work. The horizontal and vertical transmission can be cut off by purifying the provenance, optimizing the environment, improving equipment, strengthening management, increasing nutrition and strengthening immunization. Epidemic control is not a single one, but an inseparable system formed by various measures that are interrelated, restrict and permeate each other.

1. Establish a strict epidemic prevention system

1.1 Scientific and rational layout

The rabbit farm faces north and south, away from roads, towns and villages, with high and dry terrain, good lighting and good ventilation. Walls can be built around or ditches can be dug to cut off from the outside world. In principle, the layout of the rabbit farm is divided into four areas, namely, production area, auxiliary production area (feed processing and warehouse), administrative area and living area. Production areas are strictly separated from living areas and administrative areas. The breeding rabbit house and breeding rabbit house in the production area should be built in the upwind of the production area to prevent outsiders from visiting. Fattening rabbit houses and commercial rabbit houses should be located in the lower tuyere of the production area. The other three residential areas are best built on the left side of the production area, administrative areas, living areas and auxiliary production areas should be arranged in front and back (north and south) according to the wind direction. The feed produced by the auxiliary production area is transported to the rabbit house through a window connected with the production area. The layout of the road should be reasonable, feeding and discharging, and rabbit selling channels should be separated to avoid interchange. The pollution-free treatment of sick and dead rabbits should be located in the rabbit farm to prevent the spread of the disease. Each rabbit house should maintain an epidemic prevention distance, usually more than 6 meters, and reduce the cement floor as much as possible to avoid thermal radiation. A small number of big trees can be planted in the open space between the two houses to block the direct sunlight in summer, and the rest of the open space can plant forage grass to solve the source of forage grass. The quality of natural ventilation inside and outside the rabbit house is directly related to the production cost, and the effective regulation of the environment and climate in the rabbit house is directly related to the health status and disease control of rabbits. The design and layout of rabbit cages should be scientific and reasonable, pay attention to production efficiency, in line with the biological characteristics of rabbits, but should not leave a dead corner for epidemic prevention. The breeding rabbit house should be hygienic, the heating and ventilation facilities should be complete, and the youth and fattening rabbit house should be raised in multi-layer cages with 1-4 rabbits in each cage.

1.2 strict epidemic control

Build epidemic prevention walls around the production areas to prevent the entry and exit of personnel from non-production areas. Inside the epidemic prevention wall, a shrub green isolation belt is established on the outer edge, and the gate is equipped with a disinfection pool with a width of 3-4 meters for vehicles, using 2% caustic soda and changing regularly twice a week. Set up a disinfection room in the exclusive passageway, where all entry and exit personnel must change their clothes, shoes and ultraviolet radiation before they can wade into the pool, wash their hands and enter the production area, and set up a disinfection basin at the population of each rabbit house. The feed had better be self-produced and mechanically fed directly into the feed tower of the production area, or with an internal special sack, the woven bag enters the rabbit house through the transmission window to prevent the source of infectious diseases. All production personnel shall be assigned posts and shall not be allowed to join the posts at will. The tools of the rabbit house shall not be handed in and used. The entry and exit of personnel in and out of the field must be strictly controlled. It is forbidden to enter or leave the field at will. The means of production shall be sent to the disinfection room by special personnel. After returning from the holiday, the personnel in the production area must be isolated in the dormitory of the living area for one day before entering the production area.

1.3 adhere to self-propagation and self-support

For large-scale rabbit farms, it is necessary to set up their own core groups and reproduce groups. Commercial meat rabbit farms use hybrid combinations to make full use of the advantage of hybrid disease resistance. Under normal circumstances, the annual elimination rate of male rabbits is about 100%, while that of female rabbits must be more than 100%. Too low will lead to a decrease in the breeding rate. The production line of 1000 female rabbits can regularly supplement 6-8 male rabbits and 60-80 female rabbits every month. The reserve breeding rabbits must go through three stages of strict selection: 0-28-day-old, 29-84-day-old and 85-140-day-old, and those excellent individuals with strong body, fast growth rate, high feed reward, high maternal line and obvious breed characteristics should be selected. When the breeding improvement of the core group requires the introduction of foreign blood, the epidemic disease in the area where the rabbits are introduced must be investigated before introduction, and the introduced rabbits should be quarantined by veterinary health and quarantined outside the field for more than two weeks. During the isolation period, vaccination against the epidemic disease should also be carried out, and after many times of disinfection, it can be reared in the field.

1.4 optimize the production environment

Intensive rabbit farm has the advantages of high feeding density, large fecal and urine output, and many harmful gases, microorganisms and dust, so it is very important to maintain good environmental hygiene inside and outside the rabbit house. Therefore, underground pipelines should be used as far as possible to prevent infection. Weeds in outer space should be removed regularly. The house should be cleaned once a day, keep it clean and dry, and there should be no cobwebs or residual mildew. There should be no accumulated dung in the ditch, the bottom of the rabbit cage should be cleaned frequently, and there should be no residual dirty hair. Indoor hygiene can be divided into a number of small projects, linked to post bonuses, timely inspection, and regular supervision. In winter, to do a good job of cold protection and heat preservation, but not to heat preservation and close the doors and windows, must ensure that there is an appropriate amount of ventilation, if necessary, the use of ventilation fans. The concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the house is lower than that of 10mg/m ", and the concentration of ammonia is lower than mg/m". If you use a coal stove for heat preservation, the relative humidity should be controlled at 50% Mur80%, and the dust in the air should be reduced as much as possible. In the low-quality air environment for a long time, the physique of rabbits tends to deteriorate, the resistance decreases, respiratory diseases increase obviously, and the mortality increases, and this effect is not easy to detect and is often ignored in production. When it is hot in summer, we should try our best to do a good job of heat prevention and cooling, make use of natural ventilation as far as possible, and combine mechanical ventilation and spray cooling according to different kinds of rabbits. In particular, it is necessary to prevent the heat stress of breeding male and breeding female rabbits.

In addition, it is also very important to control rodent damage. Rats not only consume feed, but also spread disease. Large-scale rabbit farms should kill rats on a regular basis, twice a year. At the same time, the registration system for the recovery of production wastes such as empty medicine bottles and waste brooms should be implemented in production, and the production wastes such as cotton wool, waste paper and dirty wool should be centrally and innocuously disposed in time, which is of great benefit to purifying the production environment of rabbit farms.