Discussion on Prevention and treatment of Pigeon fungal Diseases

The common fungal diseases of pigeon are candidiasis, aspergillosis, mycotoxin poisoning and so on. In recent years, much attention has been paid to its prevention and control, and there are few cases of death, but the economic losses caused by its harm in general pigeon farms should not be underestimated. In connection with the production practice of the local pigeon farm, this paper makes the following discussion on its prevention and control.

1. Climate problems

Fungi are widely distributed in nature, and the requirements for living conditions are not high. As long as there is a little carbon and nitrogen, they can grow and reproduce. The temperature is 2530 ℃ and the relative humidity is 80% ~ 90%. The local area is a tropical and subtropical transitional zone with a warm, humid and rainy climate for a long time, with a high incidence of fungal diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the concept of constant attention to fungal diseases, seriously do a good job in feeding and management, pay close attention to weather changes, and guard against the occurrence of such diseases at any time. Experienced pigeon farms avoid the rainy season in spring and summer and choose breeding and breeding in autumn, which effectively maintains the healthy growth and future production capacity of breeding pigeons.

2 Environmental problems

Fungal diseases are environmental diseases. If the environment is divided into software and hardware, then the facilities such as pigeon breeding places, barns, cages and so on are the hardware. The general pigeon farm, especially the rural pigeon farm, may be limited by conditions, and the existing site is not ideal, but the cage should be properly modified as far as possible to make it reasonable layout, sufficient light, dry ventilation, easy to control temperature and humidity and clean sewage discharge.

The software of the environment is the procedural work such as feeding management, cleaning and disinfection, epidemic prevention and health care, etc. If these software measures are improper, management work is not serious, feed and drinking water pollution, fence house dust accumulation, cage dirt accumulation, manure pile-up, then, no matter how good the hardware facilities, the living environment is bad, and the anti-mildew effect will be poor.

3Feed problem

The mildew prevention of feed has always been a major problem in the breeding industry, and it is also the focus of the anti-mildew work in pigeon farms. At present, the main method is to reduce the mold pollution and toxic content of feed as much as possible. Liu general pigeon farm, the use of feed detection, adsorbents, enzyme degradation and other technologies are not easy to achieve, but according to the feed moisture content less than 12%, mold can not reproduce this characteristic, the following measures should be feasible.

3.1 avoid feeding too much in the warm and wet rainy season, and keep the feed fresh and dry.

3.2 strictly prevent stored feed from getting damp. Pigeon farms with conditional conditions should build standardized feed warehouses, and rural pigeon farms should also try to select dry and cool places to store feed where it is convenient to prevent moisture and control moisture.

3.3 powdered feed, health care sand, etc., should not be premixed with salts, sugars, electrolytic multi-dimensional, water-soluble drugs, etc., in addition to sealing and moistureproof.

3.4 strengthen the pre-feeding inspection of the feed, find mildew, firmly replace it, and check its source.

3.5 quicklime is used as hygroscopic agent at the bottom of the feed warehouse.

(4) the problem of preventive and health care drugs for pigeons.

Today, with the rapid development of pigeon industry, the breeding technology and production capacity of general pigeon farms have a very high level, but there are still some misunderstandings in the use of drugs for disease prevention and health care. among them, the ones that have great influence on the prevention and treatment of mycosis are: long-term abuse of antibiotics, heavy administration over disinfection, heavy treatment over prevention, and excessive use of nutrients, growth promoters, fattening agents, antibacterial growth aids and so on. The result is that the stress and susceptibility of pigeons are increased, the sensitivity to drugs is decreased, and it is easy to induce primary or concurrent and secondary mycosis, and it is easy to produce drug resistance, which makes it difficult to use drugs in the future.

5 diagnosis and treatment of fungal diseases

5.1 frequent examination, early detection of fungal diseases once the symptoms are obvious, the damage to pigeons has been serious, even through treatment to relieve the disease, but its recovery time is longer, resulting in serious losses. It is obvious that the timeliness of diagnosis is of great significance. When checking pigeon body, the emphasis should be on mouth, pharynx, crop, eye and nose; when checking environmental conditions, in addition to feed, drinking water, software and hardware facilities, we should also pay attention to the occurrence of diseases in the surrounding pigeon flock.

5.2 Comprehensive diagnosis, timely treatment of general pigeon farms in the absence of laboratory diagnosis, comprehensive climate and environment, epidemiology, clinical symptoms, pathological autopsy and other aspects of diagnosis. If it is found that the symptoms are suspected or different, but many kinds of antimicrobials are ineffective, or when chronic diarrhea, emaciation or disability of unknown causes are found, further investigation should be made in combination with feed, drinking water, climate and the prevalence of surrounding diseases.

Strengthen the curative effect of ① according to the condition, consider the medication plan and arrange the mode of administration (mixing, drinking water, health care sand, individual feeding); ② should strengthen disinfection to prevent secondary and recurrent infection; when ③ has suspected complications, we should consider the combination of drugs; ④ timely supplement of vitamins and other nutritional needs to promote the rehabilitation of pigeons.

6 the use of drugs for the prevention and treatment of fungal diseases

The main commonly used drugs are nystatin, tragomycin, clotrimazole, copper sulfate, iodine solution and so on. At present, nystatin is the most commonly used. It is worth mentioning here that the dosage of nystatin varies greatly in different data. In practice, the author found that: according to the high dose, it is easy to cause loss of appetite, even vomiting, diarrhea and other adverse reactions; according to its low dose, the curative effect on young pigeons and young pigeons is not good, because young pigeons and young pigeons grow and develop rapidly. waiting for a low dose of drugs to take effect slowly, many affected pigeons have become disabled. Therefore, users should pay attention to master the dosage.

Here, a kind of economical and practical drug: allicin is recommended. The drug has long been widely used in the breeding industry and can prevent and cure a variety of livestock and poultry diseases. its function of preventing mycosis is as follows: garlic can inhibit and kill mold of deep infection (which is inferior to nystatin). Garlic can activate the immune function and anti-inflammation of the body, and accelerate the rehabilitation of mucosal tissue damaged by mycotoxin. Garlic can strengthen stomach and stop vomiting, increase appetite and aid digestion, which is beneficial to pigeon's normal intake, digestion and absorption of nutrients in the process of resisting fungal disease, so as to maintain the growth and reproduction after recovery. The disadvantage of garlic is its irritation to the digestive tract and strong spicy taste, which limits its dosage, so it is appropriate to take a small amount of food. Practice has proved that the curative effect is better when used in combination with Campovir and nystatin in the treatment of mycosis. The usual dosage is 25% garlicin 15g / 50kg feed.

The antifungal effect of Chinese herbal medicine should also be paid attention to. The dosage of licorice and gallbladder in health care sand should not be too small. If necessary, pulsatilla, Sophora flavescens, toosendan, Jiubing, alum and so on can be added. These Chinese herbal medicines not only have the effect of inhibiting fungi, but also have the effects of detoxification, anti-inflammation, debridement, convergence and appetite enhancement.