Characteristics and cultivation points of Han Xing No. 1 strain

Han Xing No. 1 was introduced by the author from Korea. The cultivation experiments over the past few years show that the stalk of the strain is stick-shaped, the thickness is uniform (see photo), the fruiting body is dense, crisp and tender, and the taste is excellent. Pleurotus eryngii is a good variety of Pleurotus eryngii. The main characteristics and cultivation techniques of the strain are introduced as follows:

1 biological characteristics

The more abundant the nitrogen source is, the better the mycelium growth is and the higher the yield is. It is generally believed that when the ratio of carbon to nitrogen in the substrate is about 20 ∶ 1, the mycelium activity increases and the mushroom yield increases. Han Xing 1 has a strong ability to decompose cellulose and lignin and can grow well on substrates such as cotton husk, waste cotton, bean straw, broad-leaf sawdust, corncob and so on. Practice has proved that the preferred substrate in production is cotton seed shell, followed by poplar and willow sawdust with moderate soft and hard material. Adding cottonseed hull and corn flour to the conventional sawdust medium can promote the growth rate of mycelium, more mushroom buds, high yield and good quality. However, even the addition of cottonseed hull with rice straw as the main material, the strain showed late mushroom and low yield, so it was not suitable to use.

The mycelial growth temperature is 5: 35 ℃, the optimum temperature is 22: 27 ℃, the optimum temperature is 25 ℃, the mycelium growth is stunted above 30 ℃, the mycelium growth is slow below 20 ℃, the suitable temperature for primordium formation is 10: 15 ℃, and the suitable temperature for fruiting body development is 15: 21 ℃. Special attention was paid to the fact that it was difficult to form primordia when the temperature was lower than 10 ℃, and the quality of fruiting body decreased obviously when the temperature was higher than 22 ℃, and abnormal mushrooms appeared, resulting in rotten mushrooms and dead mushrooms.

1.3 the suitable water content of the culture material during the growth stage of water mycelium is 60%-65%, and it is not suitable to spray water on the mushroom body during the growth of fruiting body. When the ingredients are bagged, the water content of the culture material can be increased to 65%-70%, which is more suitable for the formation and development of the fruiting body. The air relative humidity at the fruiting body differentiation stage is 85%-95%, which is beneficial to the formation and development of the primordium, and the air humidity can be appropriately reduced to 80%-90% at the fruiting body growth stage.

1.4 both air mycelium growth and fruiting body growth need fresh air, but the oxygen demand in the mycelium growth stage is relatively less, and low concentration of carbon dioxide can stimulate mycelium growth. In the actual production, with the growth of the mycelium, the carbon dioxide concentration of the culture material increases from 0.03% to 2.2%. The formation and growth of primordium need sufficient oxygen, otherwise the formation of mushroom buds is slow and there are many abnormal mushrooms, which will affect the yield and quality.

1.5 the dark light environment is favorable for mycelium growth, the formation and development of fruiting body requires a certain amount of scattered light, and the suitable light intensity is 500~800lx.

1.6 the optimum pH for mycelium growth was 5 ~ 7, and pH5.5~6.5 was suitable for fruiting body formation.

2 key points of cultivation techniques

Han Xing No. 1 has strict requirements on temperature in the cultivation season, and the temperature below 10 ℃ or above 22 ℃ is not conducive to the growth of fruiting body. Like its strain, if the first tide fails to produce mushrooms normally, it will affect the normal occurrence of the next tide of mushrooms, or even no mushrooms. Therefore, the suitable temperature for mushroom production is the key to the success or failure of cultivation, and it is generally appropriate to prepare the seeds 50 days in advance when the local temperature is below 20 ℃. It is better to make bags from mid-August to late September for autumn planting in Liaoning, and to produce mushrooms after mid-October, and to make bags from mid-February to mid-March for spring planting, and to produce mushrooms in mid-April. Protected cultivation can be appropriately delayed or early.

2.2 the practice of cultivation materials shows that the mixture of sawdust and cottonseed shell is the best, and the following formula is provided for reference.

The above formulations are supplemented with excipients: wheat bran 7.5kg, corn flour 2.5kg, soybean cake powder 1kg, gypsum 0.5kg, white ash 0.5kg, water content 60% and 65%.

The sawdust of the main material should be sifted, and the main material should be pre-wet the night before bagging according to the capacity and labor condition of the sterilized pot, and on the 2nd day, the auxiliary materials should be mixed evenly, and the water content is 68%. It can be bagged. The practice shows that if the conditions permit, the main material can be pre-wet fermented 3-5 days in advance, and then bagged with auxiliary materials, which can not only improve the water holding capacity, but also induce the spore germination of miscellaneous bacteria to sterilize more thoroughly. Bagging, sterilization and inoculation were carried out according to the conventional method of Lentinus edodes strain production.

2.3The cultivation method of Han Xing No. 1 strain is mainly with clinker, and the bag cultivation is usually 17cm~33cm × 0.04cm plastic bag (0.4~0.5kg with dry material), and the mushroom is produced at one end. Large area cultivation using 15cm × 55cm × 0.04cm plastic bag (dry material 0.8~1.0kg), one-sided drilling inoculation, the effect of mushroom production is better, it is convenient to manage and the cost is relatively low.

2.4 Management of mushroom production

2.4.1 after the mycelium is full, the mushroom can be put on display. At present, there are many forms of mushroom production in bag cultivation, such as vertical bag, wall single stack at both ends, wall double stack at one end, long bag oblique vertical mushroom and so on. Among them, vertical mushroom production management is relatively simple, commercial mushroom quality is good, but the area is large, while wall bag cultivation has a large amount of material per unit area and high utilization rate. This cultivation method is mostly adopted in Liaoning area. Before arranging bags, dig out the aging bacteria at the inoculation hole to stimulate primordium differentiation, but pay attention to avoid stagnant water in the inoculation hole.

2.4.2 timely bud thinning in order to ensure the quality of fruiting body, the primordium with over-dense differentiation at the orifice of mushroom should be thinned at the right time, and 2-3 primordia should be retained at each outlet.

In practice, when the bacterial bag is full of hyphae, the bag mouth is loosened (no opening) after the hyphae is filled, the bag mouth is loosened to increase the oxygen supply in the bag, 300~500lx is given scattered light, ventilated once or twice a day, the air is kept fresh, the temperature is controlled at 18 ℃, the humidity is controlled at 75% 80%, the mycelium is cultured for 7 days, the mycelium is fully matured, the temperature is reduced to 12 ℃, the air humidity is increased to 85% 95%, and the air is ventilated 2 times a day to induce primordium formation. The whole management process should try to regulate the relationship between temperature, light, water and gas, and avoid hot air, dry wind and strong wind blowing directly on the mushroom body, resulting in yellowing and atrophy of young mushrooms.

The management of mushroom production should pay attention to the following points: the mouth of the ① bag should not be opened in front of the original base, so as not to be affected by the temperature, humidity and gas instability of the environment outside the bag, so that the formation of the primordium is blocked or the mushroom is irregular. When the temperature in the small environment of ② mushroom production reaches more than 20 ℃, it is not easy to show mushroom buds, but when the temperature exceeds 22 ℃, it will shrink to death, and when the temperature is lower than 8 ℃, it will not show buds. When the temperature is 13-15 ℃, the yield and quality can be improved obviously when the temperature is controlled at 13-18 ℃. ③ bud period humidity control 90% to 95%, young mushroom later stage humidity control 80% to 90%, prevent long-term high humidity caused disease, management later period slightly more than 1000, can prolong the shelf life of goods. Air humidity below 80% should be properly humidified by spraying water, and do not spray water directly on the mushroom body, so as not to cause yellowing of the fruiting body and decay in serious cases. ④ maintains good ventilation, good air, many mushroom buds, normal cover, good mushroom shape, good quality and high yield.