Harvest and processing of pollution-free honeysuckle

Honeysuckle is a perennial, semi-evergreen woody plant of honeysuckle family, honeysuckle genus, alias Erhua, Shuanhua, etc., is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine in China. Because of its remarkable effect of heat-clearing and detoxification, and lowering blood pressure and delaying aging, it is known as traditional Chinese medicine antibiotics and elixir of immortality. the production and development of Flos Lonicerae have been paid more and more attention. The harvest and processing of honeysuckle are not only the last two "working procedures" in production, but also the final guarantee of "high yield, high efficiency, quality and safety". In recent years, in order to improve the comprehensive benefit of Fengqiu County, Henan Province, the Agricultural Bureau of Fengqiu County, Henan Province has continuously improved and innovated the traditional production methods and technology, and created the best harvest method of honeysuckle and the "four-stage variable temperature drying technology of baking room". It has been affirmed by the state authoritative department and plays an important role in production.

I. harvesting

The excellent varieties of honeysuckle, such as Fengqiu Daomao flower and chicken claw flower, can bear flowers in the same year when planted in spring and the next year in autumn and winter, so once honeysuckle is planted, it is necessary to consider the problems of bud harvesting and processing, and prepare containers for picking buds and building buds processing barn.

1. The law of bud development of honeysuckle

The Fengqiu big hairy flower blossoms four crops a year in North China. The first stubble flower begins to sprout from the middle of April, and then increases gradually. The flower bud matures and begins to bloom in the middle of May. The first stubble flower ends at the end of May, and then one stubble every 30 days or so. The fourth stubble flowers can bloom one after another until early October.

The single flower of honeysuckle takes about 13-20 days from budding to opening, which is longer in spring, higher in summer and autumn, faster in bud development and shorter in development time. When the bud grows to 1 / 2 of its proper length, the development accelerates, and the color of the bud begins to change from green to white. If it is not harvested in time, it will open.

two。 Harvest time

From budding to blooming and withering, honeysuckle can be divided into the following stages: millet stage, young bud stage, green bud stage, early white bud stage (upper and lower white), white bud stage (all white above and below), honeysuckle stage (first blooming), honeysuckle stage (from 1 and 2 days to withering), and withering stage. The dry matter harvested before the green bud stage was less, the medicinal value was low, and the yield and quality were affected. After the honeysuckle stage, the dry matter content was high, but the medicinal components decreased, and the yield was high but the quality was poor. Harvesting in the early white bud stage and white bud stage has more dry matter, high medicinal components, yield and quality, but the harvest time in the white bud stage is easy to miss. Therefore, the best harvest time is the early white bud stage, that is, the so-called second white needle stage.

3. Harvesting method

The best time to harvest honeysuckle is in the early morning and in the morning, when the flower buds are not easy to open, full of nutrients, strong smell and good color. The harvest in the afternoon should end before sunset, because the blooming of honeysuckle is restricted by light, and the mature buds will open when the sun lags behind, affecting the quality. When harvesting, only mature buds and near-mature buds should be collected, without young buds or leaves, and put into strips or bamboo baskets after harvest. They should not be piled into large piles when concentrated, and should not be laid out for too long, and the longest should not exceed 4 hours.

II. Processing

The primary processing of honeysuckle is to turn the collected fresh buds into dry buds through certain methods. The main methods are drying, drying, baking and so on. Drying and drying flowers are gradually eliminated because they are not suitable for mass processing and the quality is poor and unstable. The main processing method used in production is open fire drying. This method is not affected by the weather, the quality of dried buds is good, and it is widely used by the masses. However, the disadvantage of the "open fire drying method" is the serious pollution of harmful substances such as sulfur dioxide. in recent years, agricultural technicians and pharmaceutical farmers in Fengqiu County, Henan Province have jointly created the "four-stage variable temperature drying technology of baking barn", which reduces the pollution of harmful substances such as sulfur dioxide and achieves pollution-free processing. The specific methods are as follows:

1. Construction of roasting house and baking rack

First of all, the size of the roasting house should be determined according to the planting area. Generally, every 667 square meters of honeysuckle requires a roasting house of about 4-5 square meters, and the barn is generally a bungalow. There are two ways of construction: (1) single-row grill type: the length of the barbecue is determined according to the area of honeysuckle, width 2-2.2m, height 2-2.5m, one door and one window, two exhaust holes at the top, and the drying rack is built along the long side of the room, 0.8m wide. The height of 2-2.5m 20cm 0.8-1m is the lowest layer, with a total of 6-10 layers every 15-mm upward. (2) double-row grill type: the length of the barn varies with the area of honeysuckle, with a width of 2.5-3.2m and a height of 2-2.5m, with one door, one window or two windows, and 2-3 vents at the top or near the edge of the room. Whether single-row type or double-row type, the inner wall of the baking room is required to be smooth and airtight.