Do you want to cultivate super hearts?

Super red peach is a high quality, large fruit and early ripening peach variety bred by Shandong Fruit Tree Research Institute. Through the expert appraisal on June 22, 2003, the expert thinks: Super red peach is a new variety with strong red type, hard meat, storage resistance and early ripening, which has a broad development prospect.

First of all, its variety characteristics are introduced:

1. Fruit economic characters: fruit large, average single fruit weight 220g, maximum 340g; fruit shape round or nearly round, upright, obvious suture, symmetrical part of the two cattle, slightly concave top, slightly convex tip; short, medium thick, wide and deep stalk depression; the pericarp is fully red, and the color surface of the fruit can reach 100% even in the inner chamber of the crown; the pericarp is downy and very short, and the fruit surface is smooth and shiny. The flesh is pure white, and when it is fully ripe, there is red pigment precipitation near the surface; the meat is fine and crisp, insoluble and hard, with an average hardness of 9.5 kg / square centimeter at harvest. The fruit is small and enucleated; there are many fruit juices, the average content of soluble solids is 13.2%, the highest is 14.8%, the flavor is sweet and refreshing, fragrant, and the fresh food quality is excellent. The fruit is very durable for storage and transportation, and the shelf life is generally 10-15 days.

two。 Biological characteristics: ① phenological phase: cultivated in the open field in Tai'an area, the flower buds expanded in the middle of March, the early flowering stage was on March 28, and the flowering stage was from April 4 to 10; the young fruit appeared in late April, the new shoots began to grow, the fruit began to color in late May, the fruit matured on June 15, the fruit growth period was about 70 days, and the leaves began to fall in the middle of October. ② growth and fruiting habits: young trees grow vigorously, the tree momentum is strong, the crown is half-open, the branches are thick, the germination rate and branch-forming ability are strong, the peripheral extended branches are truncated, the bud germination rate is 86.8%, and the average branch-forming ability is 2.7s. The branch is erect and the apical dominance is obvious. The growth of 1-3-year-old branch is 85-110 cm. The branches of young trees have the habit of branching for many times, so a stable and high-yield tree structure can be formed quickly by pulling branches and pruning in summer. Branches are easy to form flower buds, multiple buds, large amount of flower buds per plant, high flowering and fruit setting rate. The fruiting ability of long, medium and short fruit branches is strong, the fruit of long fruit branches of early fruiting trees is mainly in 1 ~ 2 years, medium and long fruit branches in 3 ~ 4 years, and medium and short fruit branches after 5 years, but the fruit on long fruit branches is large, fruit shape is correct, coloring is rich, sugar content is high, flavor is rich, and it is also the main branch to renew fruit; self-flowering, physiological fruit drop light, no pre-harvest fruit drop phenomenon. ③ early fruiting and high yield: young trees have strong early fruiting and high yield. Under general management conditions, they can be planted and blossom in the same year, have better economic yield in the second year, and achieve high yield and harvest in the third year. ④ is resistant to storage and transportation: this variety has thick and tough pulp, fine meat, high hardness and strong storage and transportation resistance. Under the condition of normal temperature, the shelf life of mature fruit is generally 10-15 days. Under the control temperature of 5-7 ℃, the fruit still keeps fresh state and commercial character after one month of storage without plastic film packaging, showing fresh peel, no wrinkle, crisp and hard pulp and rich flavor. Under the condition of controlled atmosphere storage, the fresh-keeping effect is better. ⑤ is adaptable and resistant to adversity. It shows good growth and fruit in plain and early and thin mountains. It has the characteristics of early fruiting, high yield, red fruit, high quality and storage tolerance, so it is suitable for cultivation in the vast producing areas of peach in China.

In addition, the variety also has the characteristics of drought and barren resistance, disease and insect resistance, cold resistance and saline-alkali tolerance, so it is suitable for cultivation in mountainous and hilly areas such as dry and thin land, light saline-alkali land and so on. It is especially suitable for out-of-season production and cultivation in Ridang greenhouse and greenhouse protected area.

Good varieties should have good cultivation techniques. Let's introduce the cultivation techniques of super hearts.

Key points of open field cultivation techniques. ① suitable rootstock: Mao peach as rootstock is suitable, Mao peach has good affinity, developed root system, strong soil fixation, wind resistance, drought resistance and barren resistance. ② reasonable close planting: the planting density varies with topography and tree shape. Generally, the row spacing of "V" trees should be 2m × 4m, 2.5m × 3m × 4m, 2m × 4m in plain and 1.5m × 2.0m in hills. ③ high-yield tree shape: it is suitable to adopt "V" shape and happy tree shape. ④ flower thinning and fruit thinning, reasonable load: according to the characteristics of high fruit setting rate and short fruit growth period of this variety, in order to increase fruit number, in addition to strengthening fertilizer and water management, flower thinning and fruit thinning should be strictly carried out. Generally, there are 3 fruits in long fruit branches, 2 fruits in middle fruit branches and 1 fruit in short fruit branches. The yield of young trees in early fruit stage should be controlled at 1000 kg to 2000 kg, and that of mature trees in full fruit stage should be controlled at 2000 kg to 3000 kg. ⑤ enhanced summer pruning: the coloring period of super red peach fruit began (from late May to early June). During this period, summer pruning was carried out, mainly to remove the strong long branches on the back and over-dense branches at the tip of the main branches, so as to control vegetative growth, save nutrients, promote fruit expansion, increase inner chamber light and improve fruit coloring.

Super red peach can be cultivated not only in open field, but also in greenhouse to obtain higher economic benefits. By adopting the "Sandang" production technology, peach trees can be planted in the same year, plastic shed in the same year, and high yield in the same year. The peach trees can mature in the middle and last ten days of April in Jinan. The output of 667 square meters can reach 3000 kg, and the average single fruit weight is 126.2 grams. It shows outstanding production advantages and market competitiveness. The key points of high quality and efficient cultivation techniques for the production of "Sandang" in super red peach greenhouse are as follows:

1. Cultivation facilities. The facility adopts single slope plastic film solar greenhouse. East-west direction, 80 meters long, 9 meters span, 4 meters ridge height, the film is 0.065 mm PVC film. The back wall and both sides of the wall are made of brick and cement, the wall thickness is 60 cm, the wall is hollow, the inner wall is 12 cm 24 cm, the outer wall is 24 cm, and the middle wall is filled with straw or foam to increase the heat preservation effect; the wall is 2.5 meters high, and an air vent is set up every 3-4 meters in the middle and upper part of the back wall; the back slope is 1.5 meters long, and the back slope is covered with foam, straw foil, straw mud and other thermal insulation materials; steel frame structure, thermal insulation material for grass.

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