High-yield cultivation techniques of Flos Lonicerae in Saline-Alkali soil

The Yellow River Delta is located in the semi-humid area of the warm temperate zone and belongs to the continental monsoon climate. The climatic conditions are suitable for the growth of Flos Lonicerae. In recent years, the planting area of honeysuckle has gradually expanded, but due to the high degree of soil salinization and lack of cultivation experience, the production scale of honeysuckle is small, the yield is low, the effect is late, and the diseases and insect pests are serious. Through the study on the large-scale high-yield cultivation techniques of Flos Lonicerae in saline-alkali land, the results show that it can achieve the goal of raising seedlings in the same year, planting in the same year and picking flowers in the next year. After 3 years, the yield of dried flowers per mu is as high as more than 150kg, and the economic benefit is considerable. The high-yield cultivation techniques of Flos Lonicerae in saline-alkali land are introduced as follows:

1 saline-alkali land improvement

The soil parent material in the Yellow River Delta is the Yellow River alluvium, which is absolutely dominated by chloride, which is coastal salinized fluvo-aquic soil, the soil texture is tight, the ventilation is poor, the soil salt content of the natural plough layer is about 2.6%, and the crops can not grow. The salt content of the cultivated layer of low-yield fields that has been developed and utilized is also 0.4%-0.8%. Therefore, the soil should be improved first when planting honeysuckle.

1.1 digging ponds to build platform to control alkali and accelerate soil desalination

Digging ponds to build platform for alkali control is to use digging machines to dig water and raise ponds on the spot, accumulate soil into platform fields for alkali control, so as to reduce the salt content of soil and meet the requirements of crop growth and development. The specific implementation schemes are as follows: the top width of the ① platform is 29m, the bottom width is 32m, the height is 1.8m, the slope ratio is 1 ∶ 1; the upper mouth width of the ② aquaculture pool is 24m, the bottom width is 12m, and the depth is 3m; the ③ diversion ditch is 11m wide, 2m wide and 3m deep, and the slope ratio is 1 ∶ 1.5; the ④ drain bottom width 2m, the upper mouth width 14m, the depth 3m, the slope proportion is 1 ∶ 2; the top width of ⑤ production road is 6m, 0.5m, and the slope ratio is 1 ∶ 1. This is the "upper agriculture and lower fishing" 442 planting mode (1 mu of cultivated land excavates 4 water ponds, 4 platform fields, 2 ditches).

1.2 Irrigation and salt washing

The soil has a high salt content and can be washed with fresh water; the excessive soluble harmful salts in the soil are leached and flowed away through the drain to desalinate the soil. Early spring and late autumn are the season of returning to salt, and it is suitable to irrigate for 2 times and 3 times. When irrigating, the appropriate amount of irrigation must be mastered to make the water distributed evenly in the border. The water flow should not be too slow, otherwise the alkali pressure effect is not good, but if the water flow is too fast, it is easy to break the ridge of the border and run away. It is necessary to irrigate the beds close to the channel and far from the drainage ditch.

1.3 Deep ploughing, drying salt and increasing the application of organic fertilizer

Deep ploughing and drying salt is a physical farming method. Deep ploughing and drying the field at the end of autumn before planting can not only accelerate salt differentiation, but also kill diseases and insect pests in the field. The application of organic fertilizer is an indispensable measure in the improvement of saline soil. the application of organic fertilizer can make the saline-alkali consolidated soil loose, high porosity, low bulk density, and improve the moisture and physical properties of the soil.

2 raising seedlings

2.1 Seedling bed preparation and sowing methods at sowing date and before sowing

Soil salinity in spring affects the survival rate of seedlings. In order to improve the survival rate, the method of raising seedlings in protected area should be adopted. In the first ten days of March, loam or sandy loam with loose soil, fertile soil and good air permeability was selected and turned over 30cm. Base fertilizer 6000~7500kg and ammonium bicarbonate 40~50kg were applied per mu and mixed with soil to form a culture soil rich in organic matter. Then, the border was 10m long and 12m wide, raked flat and ready for sowing. In order to control underground pests, 1.5~2kg or phoxim emulsion 0.15~0.25kg was applied per mu, and zinc sulfate or ferrous sulfate was properly applied to prevent seedling diseases. Before sowing, the seeds of honeysuckle must be accelerated before sowing. The seeds of honeysuckle should be rinsed with clean water, and then soaked in 40 ℃ warm water for 24 hours. When 50% of the seeds are exposed to white, the seeds can be screened for strip sowing. Irrigate thoroughly, when the topsoil is slightly dry, level the border surface, open the transverse ditch according to the row spacing 20cm on the border surface, ditch depth 3~5cm, sowing width 10cm, spread the germinated seeds evenly into the ditch, cover the fine soil 1cm thick and tight, and then cover the plastic film. Sowing amount 1~1.5kg per mu.

2.2 Management after sowing

The management of moisture after sowing is very important, which directly affects the emergence rate. Honeysuckle seeds are small, before the seedlings are unearthed, it is necessary to strictly prevent soil consolidation and cracking, check every day, and carry out film-picking and water-spraying on the water-deficient plots. When about 30% of the seedlings are unearthed, remove the plastic film. After the seedlings come out, they should be watered frequently to keep the soil moist. Weeding, loosening the soil and watering should be done frequently during the seedling growing period. Depending on the seedling condition, nitrogen fertilizer can be applied, 7~10kg per mu.

When the seedling height 15~20cm, pick the heart, wait for new branches, then carry out 2-3 times in a row, each plant can have 4-8 branches in July, and can be planted out of the nursery in autumn.

3 colonization

3.1 Land selection, land preparation, field transplanting field should choose fertile soil close to the water source. Apply sufficient base fertilizer, apply diammonium phosphate 50 kg per mu, mature barnyard manure 3000~4000kg, turn 30~40cm deeply. It is required that the soil moisture is good, the water content is about 40%, and the hand is grasped into a ball. The ground will be leveled and raked fine to make a high ridge in the north-south direction.

3.2 transplanting

Transplanting should be carried out before the germination of new buds in early spring or during the dormant period in autumn and winter. Dig holes in the whole planting ground according to row spacing 150cm and plant spacing 120cm, wide and deep 30~40cm, apply soil and miscellaneous fertilizer 5kg in each hole and mix well with the subsoil, then plant a strong seedling, fill the fine soil, compact, firmly, pour through the fixed root water, after the water seeps, then seal with the soil.

3.3 Field management

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