High yield and good quality cultivation techniques of Kernel Apricot

In recent years, almonds are very popular in domestic and foreign markets. Almond contains a variety of nutrients, is a high-nutrition health food, but also can be used in medicine, with heat-clearing and detoxification, cancer prevention and other functions. Therefore, the cultivation area is increasing and the prospect is broad. Due to the early flowering of kernel apricot, easy to be harmed by late frost and extensive management, kernel apricot can not give full play to its due yield level and economic benefits. In order to improve the yield, quality and benefit of almond, the key points of high yield and high quality cultivation techniques of kernel apricot are introduced as follows:

First, variety selection: kernel apricot varieties can choose high-quality, high-yield varieties such as Dabian, Bai Yupian, Yiwofeng, Longwangmao, Chaoren, Fengren and so on. It is suitable for pollination trees to choose mountain apricot, string red and so on.

Second, garden selection: kernel apricot is cold-resistant, drought-resistant, barren-resistant and adaptable. The main problem affecting production is the late frost in flowering and young fruit stage. Therefore, when choosing a garden, we must pay attention to the microclimatic conditions, choose sloping fields and terraces with high and dry terrain, avoid tuyere, windward slopes and low-lying areas, and prevent cold currents and cold air deposition in spring from causing frozen flowers and fruits.

Third, seedling colonization: 2-year-old strong seedlings are selected for planting. It is suitable to plant before sprouting in spring. Properly close planting, the plant row spacing is generally 2-3 meters x 3-4 meters; planting ditches with a depth of 0.8-1 meters and a width of 1.2 meters should be dug, and 20 kg of high-quality farm fertilizer and 1.5 kg of calcium superphosphate should be applied per square meter; the roots of seedlings should be soaked in water for 24 hours before planting, irrigated after planting, covered with plastic film, heat preservation and moisture preservation, and improve the survival rate. The height of the fixed dry is 60-70 cm. Pay attention to the planting of pollinated varieties, generally 2-3 pollinated varieties should be selected.

4. Soil, fertilizer and water management:

1. Soil management: after the kernel apricot is planted, the management of the underground department should be strengthened to keep the soil loose and fertile so as to improve the ability of supplying nutrients. In the process of cultivation, mid-ploughing should be often done, especially weeding after planting. Reduce the consumption of nutrients and concentrate nutrients for the growth of kernel apricot seedlings; planing the tree plate in time in autumn to keep the soil loose to facilitate root growth and improve the ability of plants to absorb nutrients.

2. Fertilizer management: according to the level of management, flower buds differentiate before and after flowering, and topdressing is applied once after fruit picking, so as to improve fruit setting rate and promote fruit expansion. Topdressing is mainly quick-acting chemical fertilizer. Generally, 0.3-0.5 kg urea or compound fertilizer per plant before flowering and fruit expansion period. The combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the middle stage (June-July) was beneficial to flower bud differentiation, and applied 0.2-0.3 kg urea, 0.5 kg superphosphate and 2 kg plant ash in the middle stage. In the later stage, nitrogen fertilizer was mainly used, which was beneficial to flower bud differentiation, enhance tree potential, enrich branches and improve overwintering ability. In the later stage, urea was applied about 0.1-0.2 kg. The base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, which is generally applied when the new shoots stop growing from September to October, the amount of plant application is about 50-120 kg, and an appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is added, depending on the size of the tree.

3. Water management: apricot trees have strong drought resistance, and irrigation should be determined according to soil water status and phenological period. Water is usually irrigated three times before flowering, harvesting and freezing. Pre-flowering irrigation can postpone flowering and avoid the damage of spring frost; sufficient and stable soil water content should be maintained from nuclear formation period to harvest to promote the second expansion of fruit and increase yield; winter water irrigation in autumn can improve the cold resistance of flowers. Pay attention to drainage and waterlogging prevention in the rainy season.

Fifth, flower and fruit protection: kernel apricot flowers have obvious abortion phenomenon, plus kernel apricot is vulnerable to frost, resulting in less fruit and low yield. The following measures are often used in production to protect flowers and fruits.

1. Postpone flowering and avoid late frost. Spraying 50-100mg / L gibberellin in mid-October could delay the flowering period of spring by 4-8 days in the second year, or spraying 500mg / L to 2000 mg / L penicillin in the initial stage of flower bud expansion in spring could delay the flowering stage for 4 days. At the same time, combined with early spring irrigation, branch whitening, smoking and other comprehensive measures to prevent frost.

2. Artificial pollination. In full bloom, the collected pollen was mixed into diabetic solution to make glycosuric pollen solution, which was sprayed with a sprayer. The formula of diabetic powder liquid is 5 kg of water + 10 g of pollen + 15 g of urea + 5 g of boric acid + 100 g of sugar + a little adhesive.

3. Spraying fertilizer and water at flowering stage. Spraying water at full bloom, or spraying 0.3% Mel 0.5% urea, or 0.3% boric acid, or spraying 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, or mixed spraying can increase the fruit setting rate.

Sixth, shaping and pruning: the suitable tree type of kernel apricot is a natural happy shape of multiple main branches, with a stem height of 40-50 cm, and the whole tree maintains 5-8 main branches, staggered arrangement. In the young tree stage, the elongation head of the backbone branch is appropriately truncated every year to facilitate the branch expansion. In order to prevent the upper strong and the lower weak and the fruit part from moving outward during the full fruit period, the methods of suppressing the upper and lower, suppressing the strong and supporting the weak should be adopted to ensure the vigorous growth of the tree and improve the fruiting ability, and at the same time pay attention to cultivate the new fruiting branch group and rejuvenate the original fruiting branch group. make the new and old branch groups bear fruit alternately. For the perennial weak, long, too large extension angle of the branch group to retract in time to prevent the inner chamber from being bald and stimulate to produce new results. In the growing season of kernel apricot, the summer pruning of new shoots of young trees, such as twisting or coring, thinning long branches and over-dense branches, can improve the light conditions, promote the formation of flower buds, enrich and strengthen branches, and improve cold resistance.

Seventh, strengthen the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: apricot apricot mainly includes apricot cure disease, glue disease, weevil, ball firm medium, aphid, red spider, boat caterpillar and other diseases and insect pests. Control methods: before sprouting in spring, spray 5 Baomedu stone sulfur mixture; spray 500x carbendazim and triclosan 500x after anthesis; spray carbendazim 500x, 20% mite 2500 times, 12% high osmotic mixture 1200-1500 times in mid-May; spray fruit Shukang and 40% isocarbophos 1200 times from July to August; in addition, spray peach Xiaoling for 2-3 times according to insect conditions, and burn the diseased leaves in winter. The occurrence and development of diseases and insect pests can be basically controlled by controlling diseases and insect pests according to the above methods.

Eighth, appropriate harvest and postharvest treatment: kernel apricot fruit must reach full maturity before it can be harvested, usually harvested in the second half of the Summer Solstice. Stop harvesting green, harvest too early, seed is not full, kernel rate is low, yield and quality decline. Remove the pulp and dry the apricot kernels in time after harvest. At the same time, the processing and utilization of apricot meat, the production of preserved apricot, apricot plum, fruit peel and so on. When taking kernels, we should reduce the broken kernels as much as possible, and do a good job in almond processing and deep processing, so as to achieve value-added processing.