Cultivation techniques of Medicinal Flos Lonicerae

Honeysuckle, also known as honeysuckle, Erhua, is distributed in most parts of the country; there are many varieties, Guangdong mainly produces honeysuckle. Perennial evergreen rattan shrub of South China honeysuckle family, used medicinally with flower buds, first-blooming flowers or rattan leaves. The drug has the properties of heat-clearing and detoxification, and has broad-spectrum antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal effects. At present, there is a great demand for medicinal honeysuckle. In 2000, the purchase price was 3249 yuan per kilogram, and the price still has room to rise after China's entry into the WTO. Honeysuckle has a wide range of drought-resistant and hard-working, cold-resistant and heat-resistant sunny plants, which can be planted in all kinds of soil, but it grows rapidly and has high yield in fertile soil. After 3-5 years of planting, the dried flower yield can reach about 1.5 jin, and the yield per mu can reach 400,000,450 jin. According to the insured price, the purchase price is 20 yuan per kilogram, and the output value is 4,000 million yuan 4,500 yuan. The cultivation techniques of honeysuckle are introduced below.

1. Propagation methods include seed and cuttage propagation

The main results are as follows: 1. The seeds are propagated and harvested when the fruit is black from October to November every year. The seeds can be washed and sowed or dried to be sown with wet sand from February to March next year. The seeds cannot be dried in the sun.

2. Cutting seedling propagation can be done by cutting seedling or directly cutting.

The main results are as follows: (1) Cuttage seedlings are generally carried out before new buds germinate in early spring or from September to October in autumn, and the survival rate of cuttings is higher in early spring. The nursery bed should choose the raw wasteland close to the water source, leeward to the sun, and the soil should be sealed with fertile and moist sand, deeply dug and fine, and applied organic soil fertilizer 80m per mu as base fertilizer, and the mixture should be ploughed and leveled to form a seedbed of 1.3m. The cuttings should be cut into 1-2-year-old branches with strong growth and free of diseases and insect pests, cut into cuttings about 20 cm long, and the lower leaves should be removed. Soak for 3 seconds with 500-fold indolebutyric acid 800 times. Then open a horizontal trench on the border according to the row spacing of 27Mel 30cm. The ditch depth depends on the length of the cuttings. 15 cuttings are placed in each trench, and the cuttings are compacted with 2/3 of the soil, and the seedlings are watered in the morning and evening in sunny and dry days. It can take root in about half a month in spring. During the growing period, attention should be paid to weeding frequently, loosening the soil shallowly, applying nitrogen fertilizer and light human and animal manure water. It can be transplanted and planted in October-November of that year or in the early spring of next year. There are 400 seedlings for general use per mu.

(2) the time of direct cutting and the selection of cuttings are the same as above. At first, the hole was dug according to 1.3mi 1.6 m plant distance, the specification was 35 × 35 × 30 cm, and the soil at the bottom of the hole should be dug loose and fine, and then 3 Mel 4 cuttings were obliquely inserted.

2. Land preparation and planting (that is, field transplanting)

Planting land can not occupy arable land, using mountains, wasteland, ridges, the five sides of the land in front of the house and other places rich in organic matter. Generally speaking, it is not necessary to carry out comprehensive soil preparation, and the plant spacing can be controlled flexibly. The hole can be dug according to the plant distance of 1.6 × 1.6 meters, and the hole specification is 40 × 40 × 30 (cm). Soil preparation requires that the soil fertilizer should be 10 kg 20 jin, peanut 1 / 2 and calcium superphosphate 0.5 jin. Transplanting before germination in autumn and early spring. Generally, it is from late March to early and middle April in spring, and it should be carried out in August in autumn. 3 plants were planted in holes, compacted with soil cover and watered to protect seedlings.

Three fields management

The main results are as follows: 1. After the first, second and third years, the weeding was done three times a year, the first time for new leaves, the second time from July to August, and the third time before frost in late autumn and early winter. When ploughing, the soil around the plant should be loosened, and the exposed root system should be protected by soil cultivation.

2. Fertilization is to obtain high yield, usually topdressing 5 times a year. For the first time, "strong seedling fertilizer" was applied before the beginning of spring to promote the growth of new branches and make the stems and leaves of Lonicera japonica grow luxuriantly. The second application of "pre-flowering fertilizer" from February to March promoted more inflorescences and blossomed in large numbers. 60 piculs of human feces and urine per mu, or urea 1 Mel 2 2 per mu. The third time was carried out to promote plant growth after flower picking, the fourth time after the second flower picking, and the last time to apply overwintering fertilizer before the Winter Solstice. The amount of fertilizer application depends on the size of the plant. Generally, 10 jin of soil fertilizer and 0.3 jin of calcium superphosphate are applied in clusters. The method is to apply it in a ring-opening ditch around the plant clump, and then cover the soil to protect fertilizer.

3. The newly picked branches in the year of topping can develop into flower branches, and topping can promote more new branches, so as to achieve more flowers and have a purpose. The method of topping is as follows: 1Mel 2 nodes are left in the trunk from the mother plant, and more than 2 nodes are removed by hand; the primary branches from the trunk are removed by hand; the secondary branches from the primary branches are removed with 3mur4 nodes and more than 4 nodes; after that, the flower branches from the secondary branches are generally no longer topped and let them blossom naturally. Generally speaking, the young branches with dense leaves are flower branches, which should be retained; for the growing branches without flowers, the thick branches, long nodes and large leaves should be removed to reduce nutrient consumption. Through topping, each plant forms a clump of shrubs, increasing the nutrition space and promoting the early formation of flower buds in large quantities.

4. Pruning Honeysuckle Honeysuckle grows fast and allows it to grow, with luxuriant branches and leaves, poor ventilation and light transmission, so that the leaves turn yellow and fall off, most of the flowering parts are outside the bushes, and the flowering quantity is small and the yield is low, so it needs proper pruning. In general, it is pruned once a year before new buds sprout in winter or early spring, properly retain several trunks, cut off those with poor growth and development, and cut off withered branches, weak branches, overdense branches, disease and insect branches and trailing branches that stick to the ground. For non-flowering or flowering branches, it is necessary to cut off from the base 30 cm, so that nutrients are concentrated to supply effective branches and promote them to become flower branches.

5. during the flowering period, if there is no rain or too much Rain Water, it may cause a large number of fallen flowers, retting flowers or immature flowers to break. When the buds of honeysuckle are generally 0.2ml 0.3 cm long, top dressing can be carried out once. Spray 15g of dimethoate, 1kg of human urine and 20kg of water. Drenched in drought, rain and more stains, it can effectively reduce falling flowers.

IV. Pest control

The main diseases and insect pests of honeysuckle are leaf spot, aphids and inchworm. To control leaf spot, first of all, it is necessary to strengthen field management, increase the application of organic fertilizer and fitness cultivation to improve plant resistance and remove dead branches and leaves to reduce the source of the disease. at the beginning of May, Bordeaux solution of 1purl 150 or 65% Daimen zinc 500 Mel 600 times can be sprayed, and the drug can be used 3 times. Aphids usually occur from April to May. When sprouting, the aphids are sprayed with 3000 times of 40% dimethoate EC or 3000 times of dichlorvos EC; when inchworm damage occurs, 2.5% fish rattan essential oil 400 times 600 times or biological pesticide bt preparation can be used to control. Product safety should be paid attention to in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, and the application of chemical pesticides should be stopped 3 weeks before flower picking.