Problems needing attention in the processing of Yellow Peach

Under the influence of the international market price of yellow peach, the price of domestic yellow peach has been rising, and the purchase price has been maintained at 2-3.6yuan / kg, with an average price of 2.6yuan / kg. The average output value of yellow peach orchard is 7800 yuan / mu, and the highest is 10,000 yuan, which is generally 2-5 times that of ordinary peach orchard. The economic benefit is very remarkable.

1. Pay attention to the selection of excellent varieties:

The variety of yellow peach used in canning requires that the meat should be insoluble, compact, elastic, less juice, sticky core, no red silk in the pulp, no red silk near the core, and no redness near the core; it is also required that the fruit is large in shape, moderate in sour and sweet, and processed into canned luster, bright, not rotten, not soft, not muddy soup. Excellent varieties should be selected in the development, such as Jintong 19, Jintong 6, Jintong 7, 813, can 5, can 14, star, chrysanthemum yellow and so on.

2. Control scale and moderate development:

It is reported that due to the freeze injury in South America, Greece and other big yellow peach producing countries in 2003, the production of yellow peach was greatly reduced, and some international can dealers turned their orders to China, resulting in an increase in the orders of domestic yellow peach processing enterprises. In order to fulfill the order, the demand for yellow peach raw materials has increased significantly, resulting in a continuous rise in prices. It is predicted that the price of yellow peach is definitely higher than that of fresh varieties in recent years, there will be a small peak period of development, moderate development will help to improve the economic benefits of peach orchard, but do not expect too high. Because the raw materials of yellow peaches rise and the market prices of processed products are more stable, the profit margins of processors will be reduced. It is estimated that 1200 kilograms of yellow peaches generally produce 1000 kilograms of finished products, and the market price of 1000 kilograms of finished products is generally 5000-8000 yuan. If yellow peaches are acceptable at 1.5 yuan / kg, but at 2.6yuan / kg, the processing enterprises are no longer profitable. With the rise in prices, it is possible to cause processing enterprises to change production. Although on the face of it, the higher the price is, the more beneficial to the fruit growers, but if it exceeds the affordability of the processing enterprises, once the enterprise is transformed, the yellow peach industry will suffer a heavy blow. Therefore, the contact with processing enterprises should be strengthened, and it is best to develop in the form of orders, strictly control the scale, and avoid mass action.

3. Changing the head with high connection is the way of development:

In the renewal of peach varieties, we should take the way of new planting, but in the development of yellow peach, we should adopt the method of high grafting to see the benefit early. In general, multi-head or multi-bud grafting in spring can produce a high yield in the second year, reach the level of full fruit in the third year, and reach the full fruit period 2-3 years earlier than that of new planting.

4. harvest at the right time, pay attention to improving fruit quality:

The processed peach should be harvested at the time of well-done and the finished product will have a good flavor. Some varieties have red silk or halo near the core when the maturity is high, such as can 5 well-done has red silk near the core, but medium well does not. Especially the solute varieties, in order to reduce the loss of peach chopping and other treatments in the processing process, it is appropriate to harvest at the time of medium well. If the harvest is too early, the fruit quality is poor, and the harvest is too late, which affects the quality of processed products.

5. reasonable collocation of early, middle and late maturing varieties:

In the process of development, we should pay attention to the reasonable collocation of early, middle and late mature varieties and stagger the period of harvest and supply in order to facilitate the acquisition and processing of processing plants.

6. Attach importance to fertilizer and water management:

Base fertilizer should be applied in time before defoliation after fruit harvesting. It is generally required to apply 3000-5000 kg / mu of soil and miscellaneous fertilizer, 100kg / mu of compound fertilizer, and 50 kg / mu of calcium superphosphate and biological potassium fertilizer respectively. Formula fertilization is advocated for every 100kg peach fruit. 0.8kg of pure nitrogen, 0.6kg of phosphorus pentoxide and 1kg of potassium oxide are required. Pay attention to topdressing before and after sprouting, before and after flowering, hard kernel stage, fruit expansion stage and postharvest. In particular, topdressing during the fruit expansion period should be dominated by potash fertilizer, with the combination of phosphorus and nitrogen. For example, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied to mid-and late-maturing varieties should account for 20% of the whole year (less or no application of vigorous trees), phosphorus fertilizer accounts for 20-30% of the whole year, and potassium fertilizer accounts for 40%. To improve fruit quality and yield. At the same time, topdressing should be combined with watering to improve fertilizer efficiency.

7. Strengthen the management of florescence:

Flower thinning and fruit thinning should be carried out to improve fruit quality, and the yield should be controlled below 3000 kg / mu, mainly flower thinning, fruit thinning as a supplement, fruit thinning mainly to remove deformed fruit, pest fruit and yellow fruit, so as to ensure that the fruit is larger and the quality is better.

8. Simplify pruning and pay attention to solving the lighting problem:

The tree is in a happy shape. Mainly in summer pruning, supplemented by winter pruning. Summer shears solve the light, winter shears solve the structural problems, pay attention to the cultivation of backbone branches, in order to bear the load and high yield year after year. Pruning is mainly thinning and shrinking, pay attention to the thinning of long branches on the back, over-dense branches and some weak branches on the outside, so as to improve the light. Young trees should pay attention to pulling branches in order to increase the angle of the main branches and prevent the fruit parts from moving out too fast. The senescent branch group and some long-released main and lateral branches should be retracted and renewed in time, and attention should be paid to the cultivation and renewal of the fruiting branch group in order to maintain the advantage of robust fruit.

9. Comprehensive control of diseases and insect pests. The main diseases and insect pests of yellow peach are bacterial perforation, peach scab, powdery mildew, peach aphid, peach leaf moth, red-necked longicorn beetle and so on. Peach orchards should be cleaned during dormancy and sprouting period, branches and leaves of diseases and pests should be removed in time, orchards should be deeply turned over 20-30 cm in winter, 5 Baomedu stone sulfur mixture should be sprayed once during germination period, 70% mancozeb 800 times solution should be sprayed once 15 days after falling flowers, and 2000 times solution of 10% imidacloprid should be sprayed once. Spray 200 times of lime and zinc sulfate 1-2 times during the growing period, spray 1000 times of 70% methyl topiramate and 2500 times of thiazuron 3 in the middle of June, spray 5000 times of 50% carbendazim and 1% avermectin EC 20 days before harvest, and spray 65% Dysen zinc 400-500 times after fruit harvest. To strengthen the prevention and control of red-necked longicorn beetles, when there is an insect path, cotton should be dipped in 80% dichlorvos 50 times liquid to block the crossing for fumigation, and when excreting insect feces, it should be killed with fine wire hook in time.