Prevention and control of "three insects and one disease" of mushroom
The "three insects and one disease" of mushrooms are mites, jumpers, mushroom mosquitoes and harmful verrucosporium. The characteristics and control methods of these diseases and insect pests are described as follows.
I. symptoms of mite damage
In the process of producing bacteria, if the hyphae are found to have the phenomenon of returning bacteria, such as the decrease of villous hyphae, the increase of simple hyphae, and the pink bright spots on the surface of the hyphae, the mite head appears in the mushroom bed. When there are 3 to 5 mites in the range seen with a magnifying glass, the control target is reached. After covering the soil, the mites will move with the growth of the hyphae to the soil surface, focusing on the primordium and the base of the mushroom stalk to feed, often resulting in bald roots, aseptic roots, unable to transport nutrients and atrophy to death. At the same time, mites spread bacteria and viruses, mushroom houses where mites are serious, and all kinds of diseases are also serious.
2. Symptoms caused by jumping insects
Jumping insects are omnivorous insects. There are more jumping insects when planting mushrooms in fields and greenhouses. Common species are gray-and-white hornworms and tiny black-horned jumpers. Jumping insects eat both the hyphae and the mushroom body, often clustered in the bacterial fold or on the mushroom cover, gnawing the mushroom body into holes, causing the mushroom body to dry up and die. In particular, the black-horned jumping beetle, which has a fine body and a high population density, is very easy to cause devastating disasters.
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"Green" Control of Mushroom pests
Nowadays, green food has become the mainstream of food, but in actual production, especially in autumn, mushroom farmers use a large number of chemical drugs to control insect pests, which makes a large number of residual drugs in mushroom products, which not only lays a hidden danger to the health of consumers, but also blocks the path for mushroom products to enter the market, especially the international market. So, how to carry out "green" pest control? There are two measures: the first is to strengthen physical prevention. Measures include: the construction of mushroom sheds should be far away from stable toilets, garbage, dung piles and other places, so that the environment is insect-free or insect-free.
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Mushroom preservation method
Mushroom preservation method 1. Kinetin preservation method. Soak fresh mushrooms in 0.01% 6-aminopurine solution for 1015 minutes, drain and store. 2. Sodium metabisulfite treatment. Mushrooms were rinsed with 0.01% sodium metabisulfite solution for 35 minutes, then soaked in 0.1% sodium metabisulfite solution for half an hour, taken out, drained, and stored in plastic bags. The preservation effect was better at room temperature of 1015℃.
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