Three key links of cultivating mushrooms in high temperature season

In order to cultivate mushrooms well in the high temperature season, we need to grasp three technical links.

First, select suitable high-temperature bacteria.

At present, the more heat-resistant mushroom strains are Xincheng 96, Su mushroom No. 1 and so on. Among them, the temperature of Xincheng 96 was 18 ℃ and 36 ℃, and the optimum temperature was 25 ℃. The temperature of mushroom production is 20-36 ℃, and the optimum temperature of mushroom production is 24 ℃. It is the most heat-tolerant strain at present. The biggest advantage of this strain is that the mushroom does not change color after being harvested for 3 days, it is not easy to open the umbrella, and it is easy to keep fresh. the disadvantage is that the speed of mycelium is slow, the decomposition ability is weak, and the quality of culture material is high. It is more suitable to sow seeds from May to June and produce mushrooms from June to September. The optimum temperature of Tricholoma mushroom No.1 is 10Mel 35 ℃, the optimum temperature is 20Mel 30 ℃, the optimum temperature of mushroom emergence is 10Mel 35 ℃, and the optimum temperature of mushroom production is 15Mel 32 ℃. This strain has strong vitality, fast growth rate and early mushroom emergence. It is suitable to sow seeds from March to April and produce mushrooms from April to July.

Second, turn off the fermentation temperature of the substrate

In the period of low temperature from February to March, the places with high basic temperature and strong moisturizing effect, such as pile fermentation in plastic greenhouse, should be selected. The nutrition proportion, formula and composting method of fermentation material are the same as those of autumn mushroom culture material. In order to make the material temperature rise quickly and the temperature difference between internal and external is small, it is necessary to use heating agent to increase temperature when building the reactor. The material temperature generally reaches 60 ℃ 65 min on the fifth day of composting. Calculate the time from 60 ℃ of material temperature, turn the pile for the first time after 7 days, and then turn the pile every 6 days when the material temperature drops. When the culture material is brown, elastic, non-sticky, and without peculiar smell, it can be inoculated.

III. Simultaneous prevention and control

Control of diseases and insect pests

The main pests harmful to high-temperature mushrooms are mushroom mosquitoes, jumping insects and mites, and the diseases are walnut fleshy bacteria. The most effective way to control diseases and insect pests during the bacterial period is to mix materials with chemicals: for every 100 kg of culture materials, 10 grams of Xia Mushroom Ning, a high-temperature edible fungus cultivation anti-insect mixture, is sprayed on 10 kilograms of water, and the materials are turned over while being inoculated in bed. In addition to the above measures, the following measures should be taken:

(1) Prevention and control of insect pests. After covering the soil, combined with spraying mushroom regulating water, 1000 times of the insecticide solution and 1000 times of the mixing agent were mixed into the water to control the insect pests in the mushroom stage. When the temperature rises above 20 ℃ and there are mosquito adults moving on the mushroom bed, the adults should be sprayed with Fangchongjing or cypermethrin. Spray wet around the mushroom bed, the wall and the ground in order to effectively kill adults and reduce the number of next generation larvae.

(2) Prevention and control of diseases. The disease source of walnut fleshy bacteria comes from the soil. In order to effectively control the disease, first of all, the soil covering material should not use the soil that has been used with waste mushroom material, but should dig up the clean middle soil in the paddy field, break it and dry it, and spray it with 500 times liquid before 5 days of use, and then use it for 5 days after spraying. In the mushroom period, if the soil surface appears bulging irregular clods and the surrounding mushrooms are reduced, it is necessary to remove the soil surface in time to check the culture material. If the culture material is discolored and ignorant, walnut fleshy bacteria may appear. When determined, the soil and culture materials should be removed in time, and 300 times of Pleurotus ostreatus liquid and 100 times of Pleurotus ostreatus liquid should be re-sprayed in the affected area, and let them dry naturally after spraying. One week later, the soil was replenished and watered to promote mushrooms.