Key points of cultivation of Red late ripening Pear Hong Anjiu

Honganjiu late ripening pear is a new variety of thick red bud of Anjiu pear found in Washington State of the United States. Shandong Province was introduced from the National Pear seed Garden of the United States Department of Agriculture in 1997. The cultivation experiments in various places show that this variety has strong adaptability, easy cultivation, high fruit firmness and resistance to storage and transportation. it is a late-maturing pear variety with good comprehensive characters. The fruit of this variety is gourd-shaped, the average weight of single fruit is 230 grams, and the maximum weight of single fruit can reach 500 grams. Pericarp purplish red, fruit surface smooth, waxy luster, fruit spots in many, small and obvious, beautiful appearance. The flesh is milky white, fine texture, few stone cells, softened after 1 week ripening, easy to dissolve in the mouth, more juice, sweet and sour flavor, pleasant rich aroma, soluble solids content of more than 14%, excellent quality. The fruit can be stored for 40 days at room temperature, 6-7 months under-1 ℃ cold storage and 9 months under controlled atmosphere. Cultivated in Jinan, the fruit ripening period is from late September to early October. The main points of cultivation are as follows: 1. Planting Honganjiu pear grows well in all kinds of soils with pH value of 6-7.8 in hills and plains, so it is suitable to build a garden in Bali planting area. The best rootstock for grafting Honganjiu pear is Maodu pear. Before planting, it is necessary to deeply turn and improve the soil and apply high-quality soil and miscellaneous fertilizer, and then open ditches, planting in plain areas according to the row spacing of 4 meters × 3 meters, and in hills and mountains by 3 meters × 2 meters. Need to configure pollination trees, pollination tree varieties can choose Hongkomis, Hongba pear and so on. Second, fertilizer and water management in autumn combined with deep ploughing to improve soil to apply base fertilizer, about 4000 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer per mu. Generally, topdressing 4 times a year, the periods are as follows: before budding (mid-late March), after flowering and before flower bud differentiation (mid-May to early June), fruit expansion period (July-August) and nutrition storage period (from fruit harvest to defoliation). Nitrogen fertilizer was applied mainly in the early stage and phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer in the later stage. Irrigation can be carried out in combination with fertilization, generally 3 or 4 times a year, but attention should be paid to waterlogging prevention and water control before harvest. Third, shaping and pruning the tree shape of Honganjiu pear tree is suitable for spindle shape and small crown sparse layer shape. Young trees have strong growth potential and erect branches, so summer pruning should be strengthened, and manual angle opening techniques such as pulling, bracing, distinguishing and holding should be adopted to ease the tree potential and promote flowering and fruiting. Fourth, the management of flowering and fruit stage is mainly flower thinning and bagging. Flower thinning should be carried out from inflorescence separation stage to early flowering stage, generally leaving 1 inflorescence every 20-25 cm branch length, and removing all other inflorescences; fruit thinning should be carried out 1 week after flower fade and completed within 1 month, leaving more fruit in prosperous trees and less fruit in weak trees. In order to enhance the commerciality of the fruit, the fruit should be bagged. 5. the resistance of this variety to bacterial fire blight and pear scab was higher than that of Bali pear; the resistance to powdery mildew, leaf spot, fruit rot, pear decline disease and pear vein yellow virus disease was similar to that of Bali pear; the resistance to heart borer was much higher than that of Bali pear, but it was particularly sensitive to mites, so attention should be paid to the control of red spiders.