Wangmu Hongxiantao and its production and cultivation techniques

Wangmu Hongxiantao is a new late-maturing and high-quality peach variety in China, which belongs to the northern variety group.

1 feature characteristic

The fruit is large, with a single fruit weighing 700g to 1000g, the king of peaches; red in color, bright red after maturity, with more than 70% of the fruit surface coloured; sweet, crisp and tender pulp, sweet and refreshing: late ripening, resistant to storage and transportation, flowering in early April, fruit ripening period from the end of October to early November, can be stored in ordinary indoor storage until the Spring Festival, stored in a thermostatic storage, can be stored until the end of February to early March, long-distance transportation to resist pressure. Wangmu Hongxiantao has strong adaptability, strong resistance to drought and barren, high yield can be obtained in plain and hilly areas, white flower and fruiting strength is very strong, there is no need for pollination varieties, fruit can be achieved in the second year after planting, the full fruit stage can be reached in the third and fourth years, and the general yield is 2000~2500kg per mu.

2 cultivation techniques

2.1.The planting density of the garden is 3m × 3m or 3m × 4m. Dig 1 m square hole before planting, apply soil fertilizer 50kg plus 0.5kg diammonium phosphate to mix well with the soil, pour water into the soil and then plant seedlings. The seedlings are dried immediately after planting, and the fixed dry height is 25~30cm.

2.2 Fertilizer and Water Management due to the rapid growth of peach trees, easy to flower, a large number of flowers, a large annual consumption of nutrients. Therefore, strengthening the fertilizer and water management of peach orchards is the basis to ensure the good growth and development of peach trees and obtain early fruit and high yield.

2.2.1 deeply turn the strip, dig a planting ditch 1m deep and 1m wide according to the row spacing before applying bottom fertilizer, divide the raw and cooked soil when digging, backfill 20cm raw soil in backfilling time, cover a layer of straw, sprinkle 2~3kg urea on the straw, then backfill 20cm raw soil, cover with a layer of straw, sprinkle chemical fertilizer, cover 20cm raw soil, and then mix the cooked soil and organic fertilizer into the 40cm soil layer off the ground. Organic fertilizer 5600kg, calcium superphosphate 110kg, straw 1000kg and urea 30 kg were applied per mu.

2.2.2 Base fertilizer was applied from August to September every year. The main type of base fertilizer was organic fertilizer, each 100~150kg, combined with chemical fertilizer, ammonium bicarbonate 1~2kg and calcium superphosphate 1~2kg per plant. The application method of base fertilizer is ring ditch application.

2.2.3 timely topdressing and irrigation were carried out before peach flowering, before fruit hardening and the second fruit growth peak, mainly nitrogen fertilizer in the early stage, mixed fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the middle stage, and potassium fertilizer in the later stage. Fertilizer amount: urea 0.5~0.7kg was applied to plants before and after flowering, ternary compound fertilizer 0.5kg was applied to plants in hard seed stage, and potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 0.5kg was applied to plants 20-30 days before harvest. After each topdressing, irrigate according to the weather conditions, and pour frozen water once before freezing.

2.2.4 foliar topdressing combined with orchard spraying, through mixed spraying of medicine and fertilizer, extra-root topdressing was carried out. Urea was mainly used in the early stage, with a concentration of 0.3%; in the middle stage, potassium dihydrogen phosphate was mainly used with a concentration of 1%. In order to increase the fruit firmness, the young fruit was sprayed twice with 600% 800 times calcium in the expansion period, and once after the bag was removed; in the later stage, the concentration was mainly urea, and the concentration was 0.5% and 1%.

2.3 shaping and pruning tree with natural happy shape, dry height 25~30cm, 3 main branches, each main branch is equipped with 3-4 lateral branches, winter pruning removes erect branches, overgrown branches and overdense branches; if it does not enrich the branches, properly remove the upper dorsal branches. To strengthen summer management, we should focus on picking the hearts of new shoots from the end of May to the beginning of June, twisting them from late May to July, and thinning overdense branches.

2.4 Flower thinning and fruit thinning this variety has a large number of flowers, high fruit setting rate and small natural growth fruit, so fruit thinning is necessary. The first fruit thinning is in late May, and the second fruit thinning is in early June. This time it is also called "fixed fruit". Generally, there are 2 or 3 fruits in long fruit branches, 1 or 2 fruits in middle fruit branches and 1 fruit in short fruit branches.

2.5 bagging and leaf picking are carried out in late June, and the effect of double-layer paper bags is better. Putting bags at one time two weeks before harvest can effectively avoid fruit cracking, and the fruit has bright red color, delicate and smooth peel. After putting the bag, pick the leaves, remove the leaves and shading leaves affixed to the fruit, and promote the uniform color of the fruit surface.

2.6 Diseases and insect pests control the peach is prone to bacterial perforation, fruit shrinkage, anthracnose and other diseases, spray 3-5 pomethyl sulphur mixture before germination, spray 50% carbendazim 500 times, 70% methyl topiramate 800 times solution, the disease control effect is better. Peach aphid, peach heart borer, leaf roll moth, leaf miner and so on are the most serious pests. Taozhijing has a good control effect on peach aphid, peach powder aphid and peach tumor aphid, and thiazuron 3 has a special effect on the control of leaf miner.

2.7 harvesting should be carried out on a sunny day or in the evening. When picking, it should be picked and handled lightly, and the hardness of the fruit noodles should not be tested by hand. Can not pull the fruit, but the use of hands to hold the fruit twist handle, with fruit stalk picking, do not make the fruit stalk fall off, in order to reduce the chance of pathogen infection. Peaches should be harvested in stages after they are ripe on the tree.

2.8. the suitable storage temperature is 0: 1 ℃, and chilling injury is easy to occur if it is below 0 ℃ for a long time. Peach fruit is prone to water loss and shrinkage, and the relative humidity should be controlled by 90% to 95% during low temperature storage.