Two New Potato Varieties Approved by the State

Potato 'Zhongda No. 1' and 'Zhongshu No. 3' were approved by the National crop Variety approval Committee in 2005.

Zhongda No. 1 is a mid-late ripening and high starch processing variety jointly bred by the Institute of vegetables and Flowers of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the Agricultural Science Research Institute of Daxing'anling. It takes about 103 days to grow after emergence. The plant type is erect, the plant height is 61 cm, the stem is green, the cross section is triangular, the leaf is green, the leaf margin is spreading, the compound leaf is medium size, the Corolla is white, the natural fruit is weak. The tuber is oblong, the yellowish skin is yellowish, the skin is smooth, the bud eye is shallow, and the rate of commercial potato is 70.5%. The number of branches is medium and the dormancy period of tubers is long. The field showed resistance to late blight and light susceptibility to mosaic virus. Indoor inoculation identification: high resistance to heavy mosaic virus, moderate resistance to light mosaic virus, severe late blight. Tuber quality: crude starch 18.5%, vitamin C 14.1 mg / 100 g fresh potato, reducing sugar 0.5%, crude protein 2.36%.

From 1996 to 1997, we participated in the regional trial of the national potato variety medium and late ripening Northeast Group. The average tuber yield per mu was 1471 kg, which was 33.86% higher than that of the control Kexin 2. In 2004, the average yield of tuber was 1457 kg per mu, 9.1% lower than that of Kexin 2, and the average yield of starch was 275.5 kg per mu, 14.6% higher than Kexin 2.

One month before sowing, the cellar came out, sprouting and drying seeds, and the soil layer of 10 cm in mid-late April and early May was steadily sown through 8 ℃. Like fertilizer and water, not resistant to drought, select sandy loam, black soil and other well-drained land for planting, ridge for on-demand sowing, planting density of 4000000 trees per mu. According to the local production level, organic fertilizer should be properly applied and chemical fertilizer should be applied rationally. Generally, 10 kg of pure nitrogen fertilizer, 4 kg of pure phosphorus fertilizer and 22 kg of pure potassium fertilizer should be applied per mu. Cultivate the soil in time during the growth period, pay attention to the prevention and control of late blight from late July to late August, cut seedlings in the middle of September, and harvest in sunny days after 10 days.

It is suitable to be planted in Heilongjiang, eastern Inner Mongolia, Jilin and Liaoning as mid-and late-maturing starch processing varieties.

Zhongshu No. 3 is an early-maturing variety bred by the vegetable and Flower Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, with about 67 days after emergence. The plant type is erect, the plant height is about 50 cm, the number of main stem per plant is about 3, the stem is green, the leaf is green, the pilose is less, and the leaf margin is wavy. Inflorescence peduncle green, Corolla white, stamens orange, stigma 3-lobed, naturally sturdy. The tuber is oval, the yellowish skin is yellowish, the epidermis is smooth, the bud eyes are few and shallow, there are 5.6 tubers per plant, and the commercial potato rate is 80% and 90%. The seedling has strong growth potential, luxuriant branches and leaves, short stolon, insensitive to sunshine length, and the dormant period of tuber is about 60 days. The field showed resistance to mosaic virus and not to late blight. Indoor inoculation identification: resistant to light mosaic virus, moderate to severe mosaic virus, not resistant to late blight. Tuber quality: dry matter content 19.1%, crude starch content 12.7%, reducing sugar content 0.29%, crude protein content 2.06%, vitamin C content 21.1 mg / 100 g fresh potato, steaming quality is excellent.

From 1996 to 1997, he participated in the regional trial of the national potato variety early ripening group. the average yield per mu was 1501 kg, which was 39.9% higher than that of the control Zhengshu 4. In 2004, the average yield per mu was 1796 kg, which was 27.84% higher than that of the control Dongnong 303.

Choose the land with loose soil and convenient irrigation and drainage, avoid continuous cropping and can not rotate with other eggplant crops. Close planting flat cropping or intercropping with corn, cotton and other crops. Promote sprouting before sowing, apply sufficient base fertilizer, strengthen early management, apply less topdressing, cultivate soil and ploughing in time, promote early growing and early tuber setting, timely irrigation in tuber setting stage and tuber expansion period, prevent stem and leaf from growing in the later stage, and stop irrigation one week before harvest. In the two-season planting area, the seeds were sowed from January to the middle and last ten days of March, and the seeds could be sowed properly with plastic film mulching before sowing. In autumn, the whole potato was soaked in 5ppm gibberellin solution for 5 minutes before sowing, and then covered with moist sand to prevent rotten potatoes, and harvested from late October to early December. The density is 45005000 plants per mu and 6000006500 plants per mu in the remaining seed field. Keep seeds in the second season, harvest early in spring and sow late in autumn, pay attention to timely spraying to control aphids, and strictly eliminate diseases, hybrids and inferior plants. Prevention and control work should be strengthened in areas with frequent occurrence of late epidemic diseases.

It is suitable to be planted in spring and autumn in Beijing, Shandong, Henan, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Anhui.