Field cultivation techniques of Agaricus bisporus in Guiyang City

Agaricus bisporus, also known as white mushroom, foreign mushroom, referred to as mushroom, is the most widely cultivated, the largest yield and consumption of edible fungi in the world. Mushrooms are delicious and nutritious. It is high in protein, low in fat and contains 18 kinds of amino acids, 8 of which are essential for the human body to maintain normal physiological function. Wudang District of Guiyang City has a unique cultivation environment of edible fungi, with a forest coverage rate of 42.5%. There are mainly 180 species of trees belonging to 16 families in the territory. Rice and corn are the main agriculture, and the source materials of edible fungi are rich. Wudang District has convenient transportation and an agricultural population of 380000. In order to adjust the agricultural structure, increase farmers' income, enrich the vegetable baskets of the people of Guiyang City, and develop the economy of Wudang District, Wudang District developed Agaricus bisporus 22hm2 in 2007, and the project has been launched in an all-round way.

1 Environmental conditions for the production of Agaricus bisporus

1.1 nutritious mushroom is a saprophytic fungus that does not contain chlorophyll and cannot carry out photosynthesis. it depends entirely on the nutrients in the culture material to meet the needs of its own growth and development.

1.2 the temperature requirement of mushroom is from high to low in the whole growth and development stage, about 24 ℃ for mycelium and 16 ℃ for fruiting body.

1.3 Water mushroom is a kind of aerobic fungus, which should be well ventilated in the process of growth, especially in the stage of mushroom emergence, otherwise thin-skinned mushroom will be produced. The optimum water content of the culture material is 60% Rue 65%; the soil water content is 20% Mel 23%, that is, it is appropriate to squeeze it flat and not to touch your hands. The mushroom period is wet and dry.

1.4 under light, Agaricus bisporus likes to grow in the dark and avoid direct sunlight.

The pH range of 1.5 pH suitable for mycelial growth of Agaricus bisporus is 5.5 pH 8.5, and the best pH value is about 7.O. Certain acid will be produced in the process of mushroom growth, so lime water should be used to adjust the acidity and alkalinity.

2 Open-air cultivation techniques of Agaricus bisporus in Wudang District

Wudang District is a subtropical humid and mild climate, with an annual average temperature of 15.6 ℃, an average precipitation of 1257mm, a fertile soil, a pH value of 5.6 Mel 7.2, and a frost-free period of more than 275 days, which is very suitable for the growth of Agaricus bisporus.

2.1 in addition to field cultivation, interplanting plots in the cultivation site can also select plots with natural shade, such as trees, tea garden rows, and tall crops; monoculture plots should be planted on plots with small slope, good drainage and cool leeward.

2.2 in planting season, the average monthly temperature of September in Wudang District is about 23 ℃, which is the suitable sowing time for mushroom planting in open field in Wudang District.

2.3 formulation and stacking of culture materials

2.3.1 the formula of culture material. Use 60, 000 kg of grass, 30, 000 kg of grass manure, 3000kg, urea 375kg, compound fertilizer 375kg, lime 3000kg, gypsum powder 3000kg, methanol 150kg per hectare.

2.3.2 stacking. The stockpiling is usually carried out in late summer and early autumn. Use fresh, sun-dried, mildew-free grasses and farm manure to pile up where the sun is sunny, the water source is convenient and the sewage discharge capacity is good. Cut the straw into long 50cm, and the grass should be pre-wet and set aside 1 day before stacking. Then one layer of grass and one layer of dung are piled up with a total of 7 layers, each layer thick 20cm, watered thoroughly, covered with plastic film, not covered, to replenish the air. Generally turn the pile 4 times for 5 times, each time should be fully shaken loose, mix evenly. The intervals of each time were 7, 6, 5, 4 and 3 days respectively. When turning the pile for the first time after 7 days, the moisture should be suitable, neither too much nor too little. When squeezing the material by hand, the water droplets can flow out of the fingers with 2 Mel and 3 drops. When turning the pile, add calcium, oil, lime and gypsum. Urea and compound fertilizer were added to the pile for the second time. In the future, pay attention to the moisture content on the line, the last turn of the material to use insecticide spray edge material, with plastic film cover airtight. Fully kill the pests in the material pile.