High-yield cultivation techniques of Brown Mushroom

1. Cultivation season. According to the biological characteristics of brown mushroom in the temperature range of 16 ℃-32 ℃ and 45 days after sowing, generally spring planting chooses sowing from March to April and mushroom from May to July, and summer planting chooses sowing from June to July and mushroom from August to October. The best cultivation season should be selected according to the local climatic conditions.

two。 Cultivation ground. When brown mushrooms are planted in the field, a shade must be built to protect them from light and rain. The shed is 2.2 meters high, the roof and all sides are covered with grass curtains or sunshade nets, and the bed inside the shed is shaped into the back of a tortoise. The design width of the border is 60 ~ 80 cm, the height of the bed is 10 cm, and the border length is unlimited. Drainage ditches are dug outside the shed.

3. Raw material formula. ① rice straw 80%, lime 4%, phosphate fertilizer 2.5%, gypsum 2%, compound fertilizer 1%, urea 0.5%. ② rice straw 60%, cow dung 30%, lime 4%, phosphate fertilizer 2.5%, gypsum 2%, compound fertilizer 1%, urea 0.5%. ③ cottonseed hull 45%, corn straw 45%, lime 4%, phosphate fertilizer 2.5%, gypsum 2%, compound fertilizer 1%, urea 0.5%. Generally, the cultivation area of 100m2 is about 1500 kg.

4. Pre-wet to build a pile. Select a good stacking site, first pile a layer of pre-wet rice and wheat straw on the ground with a thickness of 30mur40 cm, sprinkle a layer of wet manure on rice and wheat straw, and then pile a layer of rice and wheat straw manure, so that the proportion of forage manure is evenly mixed and stacked in such a cycle, until it is built with a height of 1.5 meters and a width of 1.5 meters, the top layer of the pile is turtle back, surrounded by vertical and neat rectangular piles.

5. Turn over the pile and ferment. The first turning time is on the 7th day after the reactor is built, that is, when the temperature of the pile is kept at 65 ℃-70 ℃ for 2 days, the pile is turned over and an appropriate amount of lime is added. The second turning time was on the 6th day after turning, that is, when the material temperature continued to rise to 70 ℃-75 ℃, the stack began to turn for 3 days, while gypsum and other excipients were added, followed by the third and fourth turn, with an interval of 5 days and 4 days, respectively, and the total fermentation period was about 25 days. The standard of high-quality fermentation material, the material is loose and elastic, brown, a large number of actinomycetes can be seen, no ammonia odor, water content 60%, 65%, ph 6.5, 7.5.

6. Sowing management. Spread the fermented culture material evenly on the border bed, the material thickness is about 8 cm, slightly compacted, and start sowing when the material temperature drops below 35 ℃. The sowing method is sowing or hole sowing, using 100,150 bags of bacteria per 100m2. After inoculation, bamboo strips were inserted into a bow on both sides of the bed and covered with plastic film for heat preservation and moisturization.

7. Raise bacteria and cover the soil. Within 3 days of sowing, the bed film should be covered tightly. After 3 days, the film should be opened, ventilated and ventilated twice a day for 20 ℃ for 30 minutes. At the same time, the bed temperature should be kept at 15 min-34 min. If the surface of the culture material is dehydrated and dry, light atomized water can be used to maintain humidity. Generally, the soil can be covered with soil when the hyphae spread to 2% of the whole culture material after 15 ml 20 days of culture. The soil should choose fertile paddy soil or chaff soil, and the thickness of the overlying soil layer is 3.5m 4cm.

8. Induce mushrooms. After 15 days of soil mulching, the mycelium developed more sturdy, and a small amount climbed up the soil layer to form a fungal cord. at this time, bud water should be sprayed to increase the humidity of the border bed space by 90% Mel 95%. At the same time, lift the film at both ends to increase ventilation, forcing the hyphae to lodge downwards, speeding up the stage from vegetative growth to reproduction and mushroom production. After 7 days of bud induction management, when a large number of white granular primordia were found in the soil layer, a large number of mushrooms could be produced by spraying heavy water and keeping the soil layer moderately moist.

9. Harvest and processing. Under suitable temperature and humidity conditions, it usually takes 7 days from mushroom bud formation to mature harvest. When the cover is hemispherical, the mushroom body is tight, and the bacterial membrane has not yet been unfolded, it should be harvested. During the whole mushroom production period, 5 murine and 6 tide mushrooms, the total bioconversion rate reached 50%. At present, brown mushrooms are mainly exported by dehydrated dried products, and their drying methods can be dried by dehydrator, fire cage and sun drying. Among them, the products dried by dehydrator are light golden in color, beautiful in shape and rich in fragrance, which meet the requirements of export standards.