High-yield cultivation measures of Potato

1. Selection of improved varieties At present, the main cultivated varieties in Yunnan Province are virus-free Mira, Marco, Kexin No. 1, Zihuabai, Atlantic and other high-yield varieties. In spring, the early-maturing varieties such as Feiwurita, Kexin No. 4, Zaobai and Mengshu No. 9 can be selected for early-maturing cultivation.

2. Rational rotation, deep ploughing and fertilization of potato should not be continuous cropping with solanaceae crops. It is best to rotate with non-solanaceous crops for 3 to 5 years. Potato is a deep-ploughed crop, requiring deep soil layer, loose loam or sandy loam, and deep-ploughed 22~25 cm. The effect of centralized fertilization of base fertilizer is better, that is, 1500~2000 kg of high-quality farm fertilizer is applied in furrows or holes per mu.

3. Seed potato selection and treatment: 15 - 20 days before sowing, select potato pieces with original variety characteristics, complete potato pieces, smooth potato skin, no diseases and insect pests, bright color, eliminate rotten potatoes, eliminate potato pieces with sharp points, cracks, aging potato skin, protruding bud eyes and dim skin color. Put the selected seed potato stand in a warm sunny room, keep the temperature at about 15℃, turn it every 3~5 days, generally sprout in about 10 days, select it strictly again, cut it into pieces and sow it when the bud turns purple. Seed cutting should be carried out 2~3 days before sowing. The size of cut pieces should be 30~50 grams, and each cut piece should have at least 1~2 bud eyes. When cutting potatoes, prepare 2~3 cutting knives, soak them in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for disinfection, change them every once in a while, and use them alternately. In case of disease and rotten potatoes, remove them, and replace the cutting knives at the same time to prevent transmission of infection.

In order to give full play to the advantages of terminal buds and prevent the transmission of germs and viruses by cutting knives, farmers with conditions can use healthy whole potato sowing, which is generally 15%~20% higher than that of cutting sowing, and the weight of whole potato is 50g.

IV. Sowing

(1) The optimum temperature for potato tuber expansion is about 20℃, so sow as early as possible under the conditions permitted by temperature conditions, so that the potato has completed growth when the high temperature comes. But determining suitable sowing time in dry area should consider that tuber expansion period coincides with rainy season. The sowing period of spring potato is from mid-late March to mid-early May.

(II) Planting density: row spacing 55~ 65cm, plant spacing 25~ 30cm, about 3000 plants per mu, applying base fertilizer in the ditch, covering the soil with 3cm and then placing germinating seed blocks, with buds facing upward, covering the soil after sowing and flattening the bed surface with rakes to make the bed surface flat, fine and clean.

(3) Sowing depth Sowing depth should be determined according to soil quality and soil moisture, in dry and loose soil plots can be sown deeper, generally 10~15 cm; in wet and heavy soil plots, should be sown shallower, 5~8 cm is appropriate, covered potato sowing depth to 10~12 cm is good.

V. Field management

(1) Intertill weeding and cultivating soil for 2 - 3 times during the whole growth period. The first time after the seedlings are complete, the cultivation is carried out in time; the second time, the seedling height is about 10 cm; and the third time, the cultivation is combined with the cultivation in the potato stage. Pulling out susceptible plants in the field during intertillage weeding.

(2) Watering, topdressing and budding to flowering is the peak period of potato water demand. At this time, water supply should be ensured, which can not only reduce soil temperature, but also prevent the formation of secondary tubers. Potato topdressing is generally twice, seedling stage with clear manure water or 7~10 kg urea mixed with water; the second time for bud stage, 15~20 kg urea, 10~15 kg potassium sulfate per mu, topdressing combined with irrigation effect is better.

(iii) Disease control

1. Potato diseases mainly include virus disease, late blight, ring rot and black stem disease, etc. When late blight, ring rot and black stem disease are found in the field, they should be pulled out immediately and treated in the field, and sprayed with 1000 times of manganese and zinc solution every 7~10 days for 2~3 times; virus-free seedlings should be used for virus disease.

2. Insect pests are mainly underground pests. 1.5~2 kg of 30% carbofuran granules can be applied to the sowing ditch for control.

6. Timely harvest When 70% of the plant stems and leaves in the field are withered, it indicates that the potato is mature and should be harvested immediately. Harvesting should be carried out in sunny days, and the harvested potatoes should be dried for several hours. After the topsoil falls off and the epidermis dries, they can be collected.

In addition to fresh food, potatoes can also be processed into potato jam, potato caramel, potato fresh vinegar, potato chips (chips), mashed potatoes, etc., but at present more than 95% of potatoes in our country are fresh vegetables, potato processing is also limited to processing into crude starch, making vermicelli, vermicelli, alcohol, etc., not only the quantity is small, but also the processing depth is not enough, and the economic benefit is not high. In the future, it needs to be further developed and studied to further improve the economic benefits of potato.