High-yielding cultivation techniques of potato

Potato cultivation can be divided into four regions according to ecological types, including the north-season area, the Central Plains two-season area, the south two-season area and the southwest single-season and double-season mixed area. The varieties needed in different regions and cultivation measures are different, but according to the biological characteristics of potato, in order to obtain high yield, there are still something in common in the cultivation techniques.

First, soil preparation potato is harvested from underground tubers. In order to promote high yield, it is necessary to create a good soil environment for tubers to grow underground. Deep ploughing can loosen the soil, improve the capacity of water storage and water retention, coordinate the factors of water, fertilizer, gas and thermal fertility in soil, and provide a comfortable growth environment for the growth of potato root system, stolon and tuber. The root system produced by potato tuber after sowing is whisker root, and its penetration ability is poor. Loose soil is beneficial to the growth and development of root system, with strong root system, which can enhance the ability of absorbing water and nutrients in soil, continuously input into the aboveground part, make the plant grow healthily, enhance photosynthetic capacity and increase photosynthetic products. provide material basis for high yield. Therefore, deep ploughing is the basis of high yield of potato. According to research reports in Heilongjiang, Shanxi and Gansu, when the ploughing depth is 15mm and 18cm, the loose soil layer can reach 30cm, which is 10% higher than that of shallow tillage. If the tillage depth reaches 36 cm, the yield can be increased by 63.1% compared with the ploughing depth of 18 cm. It can be seen that good soil preparation is the premise of high yield of potato.

2. Fertilization technology

Third, sowing technology

IV. Field management technology

5. Prevention and control of diseases, pests and weeds

During the growth period, potato is often infected by diseases and insect pests, among which the main diseases are virus diseases, fungal diseases, bacterial diseases and physiological diseases, such as aphids, potato ladybugs, grubs, potato tuber moths and so on. if not timely control will seriously affect the yield and tuber quality. The types, occurrence period and harm degree of diseases and insect pests are different in different places, so it is very important to understand and master the occurrence rules and control experience of local diseases and insect pests. The occurrence of diseases and insect pests is closely related to meteorological conditions. Drought is prone to insect pests and waterlogging is prone to diseases. According to the long-term forecast of the local weather and the occurrence trend of diseases and insect pests released by the plant protection department, early prevention and prevention can greatly reduce investment.

Weed control in the field: potato weeds compete with crops for water, fertilizer and sunshine, resulting in reduced potato production. There are three ways to control weeds: mechanical weeding, artificial weeding and chemical control.

Mechanical weeding is mainly used to eliminate weeds in plough layer by means of soil preparation such as ploughing, raking and ploughing.

Artificial weeding should be carried out by combining soil loosening and soil cultivation. Shoveling the ground in front of the seedling can cut off the root system of the germinated weed buds on the surface, expose the buds to the ground and die in the sun, and the weeding effect is good. in addition, it can increase the ground temperature and facilitate the emergence of seedlings. After the seedlings came out, that is, the rosette stage, combined with loosening the soil to improve soil temperature, promote root development, shovel the second land, shovel the weeds out of the roots for one or two days and then cultivate the soil. The plant type has been stereotyped at the budding stage, and in this period, in order to promote the plant to form a sturdy and leafy high-yielding plant, we should shovel the third land, remove weeds in the field and cultivate the soil for the second time.

Chemical control of weeds should be carried out mainly after sowing and before emergence. Potato leaves are sensitive to herbicides, so the medicine should be used carefully. Generally, 50% Acetochlor EC is sprayed on the ridge surface with 1.2 liters of water and 380 kg of water, and then covered with plastic film, the weeding effect can reach 90%. In addition, Sekejin can be sprayed with 1.5 kg of water per hectare and 40 kg of water, which can kill a variety of weeds.

In the prevention and control of weeds in farmland, the principle of comprehensive control should be followed, that is, some weeds should be eliminated by mechanical means before sowing, some weeds should be controlled by chemicals before emergence after sowing, and artificial weeding should be carried out in combination with loosening soil and cultivating soil at head-growing stage. in this way, the use of comprehensive measures can basically eliminate weeds in the field, and the effect of increasing production is generally more than 10%.

VI. Harvesting technology

Harvesting technology is the last link of field management, which is related to the improvement of commodity quality, so attention must be paid to it. When the potato is ripe, the seedlings on the ground have not yet withered, and the skin of the underground tuber is so tender that it will break if you are not careful. After breaking the skin of the tuber, it is very easy to be infected with bacteria, and at the same time, the broken skin turns brown, which affects the commerciality. One week to ten days before harvest, the seedlings should be cut off first, so that the tubers are ripe in the soil, the epidermis is corked, and it is not easy to break the skin during harvest. In addition, when harvesting, manual picking up and stacking small piles, drying in the field. When picking up manually, grading should be carried out at any time, and damaged and diseased potatoes should be put alone. After drying for 2 days, transport it back to the storage place, which should be dry, ventilated and shaded. In some places, soil is used for false storage after harvest to prevent tubers from turning green. In short, the number of broken skin and damaged tubers should be reduced as much as possible during harvest, and drying is to make the tubers evaporate part of the water and reduce the loss during storage.

7. Storage technology of potato

The main purpose of potato storage is to ensure the quality of edible, processing and seed use. In the storage of edible commercial potatoes, the loss of water and the consumption of nutrients should be reduced as far as possible, so as to avoid turning the skin green and eating bad, so as to keep the tubers fresh all the time. The storage of processing potatoes should prevent starch from being converted into sugar. The main goal of storage is to see scattered light and to maintain good sprouting and reproduction ability of growing potato. Only by adopting scientific methods for management can we avoid the rot, germination and spread of diseases of tubers, maintain their commodity and seed quality, and reduce the natural loss during storage.