High-yield cultivation technique of Potato-- double ridges and High soil moisture

Potato cultivated with double ridge and high moisture content is popular with farmers because of its no disease, large yield increase, good potato shape and high commodity rate. Therefore, double-ridge high-moisture cultivation has become a technical measure widely adopted by Xuanwei farmers.

The characteristics of potato cultivation with "double ridges and high moisture" are the optimization and integration of improved varieties, good methods and good growth environment; the purpose is to improve potato yield and commodity rate and increase farmers 'income; the core of the technology is "six reforms", namely: One is to change the use of multiple, inferior and miscellaneous varieties into dominant excellent varieties for application; the other is to change the interplanting of corn and potato into pure potato; the third is to change the planting mode of Gypsophila paniculata to double ridge high moisture cultivation; the fourth is to change the one-time intertillage ridge moisture to the second or third intertillage soil cultivation; the fifth is to change the partial application of nitrogen fertilizer to balanced fertilization of soil testing formula (mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application); the sixth is to change the management of initial release in the field to fine management (focusing on timely irrigation, pest control and flower picking).

I. Selection of plots

Choose plots with deep tillage layer, loose soil, good light, convenient drainage and irrigation, medium or medium fertility. It is not suitable for continuous cropping with Solanaceae crops to avoid cross infection of diseases. Choose plots with deep tillage layer, loose soil, good light, convenient drainage and irrigation, medium or medium fertility. It is not suitable for continuous cropping with Solanaceae crops to avoid cross infection of diseases.

II. Fine land preparation

The potato planting land should be deeply ploughed and finely divided before winter to loosen the soil and improve the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity. The potato planting land should be deeply ploughed and finely divided before winter to loosen the soil and improve the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity.

III. Reasonable close planting, improving planting quality and specifications

According to the variety characteristics and soil fertility, the sowing width of 1.2-1.3 meters is generally adopted, that is, 0.8 meters for large rows and 0.4 meters for small rows. Pond spacing 0.3 meters, mu sowing 3000-3500 ponds. Sowing should be deep, straight and even. That is, deep ploughing, deep planting, deep soil cover, sowing depth of about 25 cm, sowing potato main bud part towards the bottom of the plough. According to the variety characteristics and soil fertility, the sowing width of 1.2-1.3 meters is generally adopted, that is, 0.8 meters for large rows and 0.4 meters for small rows. Pond spacing 0.3 meters, mu sowing 3000-3500 ponds. Sowing should be deep, straight and even. That is, deep ploughing, deep planting, deep soil cover, sowing depth of about 25 cm, sowing potato main bud part towards the bottom of the plough.

IV. Rational fertilization

Apply enough base fertilizer at one time. The base fertilizer is mainly applied with farm manure and potato special fertilizer, with farm manure 1500~2500 kg and soil test formula fertilizer or potato special fertilizer 60~80 kg per mu.

V. Cultivation Management

Double ridge high moisture cultivation, intertillage management is the key. After potato emergence, weeding should be timely. About one month after seedling emergence, the first time of cultivation, weeding and soil cultivation, part of soil cultivation in empty rows to potato rows; At an interval of about one month, the second time of cultivation, weeding and soil cultivation, try to cultivate the soil of empty rows to potato planting rows, so that the moisture height reaches 0.2~0.3 meters, so that the soil moisture surface forms ridges and empty rows form furrows. It is beneficial to irrigation in spring drought and drainage in summer when rainfall is concentrated. Generally, intertillage is carried out for 2~3 times to truly achieve deep planting and deep cover, so as to ensure the nutrients and water required for potato growth, so that all potato stolons are deeply buried in the soil, so as to increase potato yield and improve yield.

VI. Picking flowers and buds

For the varieties with strong berries, the flower buds should be removed in time after the potato buds appear, so as to avoid the nutrient consumption caused by flowering and fruiting, and ensure the nutrient supply of potato pieces.

VII. Disease control

Late blight is the biggest disease of potato, which can be controlled by medicine. 400~600 times solution of metalaxyl manganese zinc or redomil is sprayed in the field with 100g/mu mixed with 50kg water each time. The first application was at the budding stage of potato, and the second application interval was 15~18 days. Pesticides should be used alternately to avoid resistance.

VIII. Timely harvest

After the potato is ripe, it should be harvested in time to avoid unnecessary losses caused by underground pests and flooding. Small spring potatoes are generally harvested in April and May, large spring potatoes are harvested in August and September, and autumn potatoes are harvested in December. Potato can also be harvested according to market conditions and potato size. Avoid mechanical damage when harvesting, eliminate disease, rot, injury and abnormal potatoes, prevent potato pieces from being rained or exposed to the sun for a long time, and timely classify packaging for sale or storage.