A New Method for High-yielding Cultivation of Potato

In order to simplify the traditional potato planting technology, reduce labor intensity, reduce labor consumption, reduce production cost and improve planting efficiency, we have carried out an experimental demonstration of potato "four no" planting technology, which is summarized as follows.

I. technological advantages

1. Save labor and effort. Compared with the traditional method, this technology has carried out "four changes": first, to change ploughing and soil preparation to no-tillage; second, to dig holes to sow on the soil surface; third, to cover and control weeds; and fourth, to dig soil to take potatoes for uncovering and picking potatoes. This shows the "four noes": do not plough the whole soil; do not open ditches and sow seeds; do not plough to weed; do not dig soil to harvest potatoes. Thus, the working procedure is reduced, the labor intensity is reduced, the labor is reduced, and the planting cost is saved.

2. Fertilize the soil. After rice harvest, many farmers use burning to deal with straw, which not only causes environmental pollution, but also wastes resources. By using this technology, 2 square meters of rice straw can be used in 1 square meter of land. the rotten rice straw is a good fertilizer, which not only enriches the soil fertility, but also protects the ecological environment, which is beneficial to the sustainable development of agriculture.

3. Listed in batches. One of the most important features of this technology is that the planted potatoes can be listed in batches according to the market situation. When the price is high, they can uncover the straw and pick the sweet potatoes on the market, leaving the small potatoes covered with straw to continue to grow.

4. Improve efficiency. The technology has the advantages of low cost, high output, and more importantly, the collected potato has smooth surface, fresh and tender color, no dilapidated, good selling phase, good quality, good commodity attribute, strong market competitiveness and high selling price.

II. Operating techniques

1. Site selection: the selection of drainage and irrigation is convenient, and the soil fertility is relatively high.

2. Soil preparation: soil preparation can be started after rice harvest, and potato planting can be divided into autumn sowing and spring sowing.

3. Fertilization: fertilizer can be applied after crushing the soil, and the best fertilizer is rotten soil fertilizer or column fertilizer, which is 1000-1500 kg per 667 square meters; or 50 kg of 25% compound fertilizer can be applied every 667 square meters, with a row spacing of 35 cm.

4. Seed potato preparation: excellent varieties can be selected according to season, early varieties can be selected for autumn and spring sowing, such as Dongnong 303, about 150 kg for every 667 square meters of field seed, cut into pieces before sowing, each piece weighs 20 to 30 grams, more than 1 strong bud seedling or bud eye is retained on each cut, and the incision is more than 1 cm from the bud eye, which should be cut into a tetrahedron.

5. Seed placement: seed potatoes can be planted after mixing ash, or every other day or every few days. Seed potatoes are placed between two rows of fertilizers and must not come into contact with chemical fertilizers to prevent rotten seeds.

6. Cover straw: cover the straw immediately after planting, and cover the box side of the straw, which can not only prevent the seed potato from leaking, but also prevent the straw from rolling off the side of the box. Straw cover thickness, generally put down, do not press, do not lift loose, do not leave gaps, in order to prevent the growth of weeds.

7. Irrigation: as dry rice straw absorbs less water and is slow, if you encounter sunny and high temperature weather after planting, you should water it in time or irrigate "horse racing water" in order to moist soil to promote strong seedlings.

8. Disease, insect, grass and rodent control: diseases and insect pests rarely occur after planting and during the growth period of potato, so there is no need for control. However, due to no-tillage and planting without removing weeds, there are more weeds at the edge of the ditch where the straw is not covered, and a small amount of weeds grow in the box, which can be pulled out manually. At the same time, poison bait can be placed on the edge of the field or where rats may be infested.

Matters needing attention

1. The problem of uniform seedling: the key to the emergence of potato is whether there are bud seedlings or bud eyes, and the emergence will be delayed in case of drought after seed placement; straw mulching is too thick to form "white seedlings" and can not grow grass surface; seed potato is easy to cause rotten seeds in contact with chemical fertilizer. Therefore, in order to ensure uniform seedlings, it is necessary to have strong sprouts or bud eyes when cutting seed potatoes; when laying seeds, the square should be kept moist; the straw cover should not be more than 10 cm, nor less than 7 cm, so as to prevent light leakage and form green potatoes; chemical fertilizers should be applied in strips and never sprinkled.

2. Coverage problem: if calculated according to the thickness of 8-1 curry meters, 1000 / kg of dry straw is needed for every 667 square meters. In the case of a shortage of straw, fence fertilizer or other weeds can also be used instead, and the mulch must be well prepared before sowing.

3. Harvest time: when the stem and leaf gradually turn yellow and the tuber is easy to separate from the stolon, it is the suitable harvest time. The harvest is too early, the yield is not high, the taste is not good; if the harvest is too late, it is easy to be affected by high temperature, and the epidemic disease spreads; there are many rotten potatoes. At the same time, because of the further decay of rice straw, the potato is exposed to form "green potato", which becomes inferior in quality and poor in marketability.