Cultivation techniques of High efficiency and High yield Mushroom in Open Air

Outdoor cultivation of mushrooms can save frame materials, do not occupy houses, low cost, good efficiency and convenient management, so it is a better planting industry that should be vigorously developed in rural areas. The cultivation techniques are briefly introduced as follows:

First, material preparation: generally, the effective area of mushroom cultivation per mu is 400m2. Fresh, dry, mildew-free, pest-free rice and wheat straw 2.8kg-30000 kg, dried fine cow dung 800kg-1000 kg, human and animal water dung 8000-10000 kg, urea 50kg, phosphate fertilizer 80kg, gypsum powder 120150kg, lime 50-60kg, or using 300kg rapeseed cake instead of dry cow dung should be prepared in advance.

The materials used for erecting the arch shed are 200-250 kg bamboo slices 2 m long, 60-70 kg plastic film, and 400 grass curtains 2 m long and 1 m wide.

Second, land preparation and bed preparation: choose rice fields or other stubble fields with high and cool terrain, smooth drainage, slightly sticky land, medium fertility, close to water sources, and shelter from cold wind in winter. Turn 16-20 cm deep in mid-August and spray the bed with 500 times dichlorvos after soil preparation. Insecticidal soil small and medium-sized animals and harmful insects, the bed is north-south, 1.2 meters wide, and a small ridge about 10 cm wide is built in the middle of the bed, forming two narrow beds, and small ridges are also built on both sides of the bed, 15-20 cm wide and 12-15 cm high. The sidewalk is about 60 centimeters wide, below the bed surface for drainage. Then the bamboo is arched into a small arch shed, the distance between the bamboo pieces is about 80 cm, and the vault is connected by transverse branches, and the roof is about 60 cm away from the bed.

Third, timely stacking: outdoor cultivated mushrooms should avoid high temperature climate, so heap fermentation begins from the end of July to the beginning of August, soaking and wetting all kinds of raw materials, rice and wheat straw should absorb enough water and mix thoroughly. The width of the stack is 2.5 meters, the length is 6-8 meters, and the height is 1.5-1.7 meters. The first layer of material is 30cm thick, sprinkle a layer of cow dung (or rapeseed cake), after pouring enough human and animal water dung, step on it, pile the second layer of material, the last layer of forage should be watered dung, the top of the pile is tortoise back, prevent Rain Water from infiltrating into the pile, affecting fermentation. It is generally necessary to turn the pile 4-5 times, the interval between the first turning is about 7 days, (when the temperature in the pile rises to 65-70 degrees), the second is 4-5 days, the third is 2-3 days, the fourth interval is 1-2 days, and the stacking period is 20-22 days. Urea is added in the first turn, phosphate fertilizer and gypsum powder are added in the second turn, and lime is added in the third turn. Note that when turning the pile, the grass dung should be fully mixed and shaken loose to ensure that the material pile fermentation is uniform and the color is the same.

Fourth, sow seeds in the bed: heat the fermented culture material into the bed, sprinkle it on the bed, and let the material temperature drop slowly until the material temperature drops below 28 degrees Celsius. Before sowing, flatten the bed material, pick up dung blocks and sundries, the material is about 15 cm thick, and then evenly sow mushroom strains on the material surface, you can hole sow, sow a hole every 6-8 cm, or directly sow the material, and finally gently pat the bacteria in contact with the forage with plastic boxes or wood boards. Cover the bed with 2 bottles of bacteria (700 milliliters) or 1 kg per square meter, cover the bed with waste newspapers, and finally cover the arch shed with plastic film and tighten it with rope to prevent wind blowing and cover shades such as grass curtains.

Fifth, germ management: check the temperature in the arch shed at any time after sowing, generally not more than 28 degrees, and the material temperature should not exceed 30 degrees. Otherwise, it should be ventilated in time, cool down, and prevent high temperature bacteria burning. When there is no wind at night, the film at both ends of the arch shed can be opened for ventilation to keep the air in the shed fresh.

Generally, 7-10 days after sowing, the bacteria have been sent to the material, and then the paper that covers the surface of the bed can be removed and the material on the surface of the bed can be slightly dried to promote the mycelium to grow deep into the material. If a small amount of green mold and other miscellaneous bacteria are found, they should be eradicated and added to foreign ash or some fungicides should be sprayed in time to prevent the spread of miscellaneous bacteria.

6. Covering soil and spraying water: the mycelium of Mushroom mushroom can be covered with soil when it is about to grow to the bottom of the material. Generally, the vegetable garden soil or the middle soil of the paddy field (it is better to be exposed in advance) or directly use the soil layer in the ditch as the covering material, and the size of the soil grain is 1-2 cm. It is better to cover all the forage, and there is no need to spray water after wet soil is covered. if you cover with dry soil, you must spray water every other day, spray water frequently with fine mist, and adjust the soil water after 2-3 days, that is, the hand becomes soft, but it is better not to stick to the hand. After the soil layer water is adjusted, stop spraying water, and cover the film, so that the hyphae develop to the soil layer. After 6-7 days, the hyphae can climb all over the soil layer, and spray heavy water once when the hyphae slightly emerge from the soil layer, which is called "mushroom water". Inhibit the emergence of mycelium from the soil surface and promote it to form a small body in order to produce mushrooms early.

Seventh, mushroom period management: when a large number of rice grain-sized buds are formed between the soil seams, the soil layer should be kept moist, some fine mist should be gently sprayed when it is slightly dry, the film on the back should be opened for ventilation on a windless night, and the temperature during the day should be more than 28 degrees Celsius, should be covered with grass curtain to cool down, or spray with well water, when the small mushroom grows to 0.5-1.0 cm, it can be sprayed at night, and the amount of spraying water should be increased as the mushroom body grows. After spraying water, the film should be exposed and ventilated for 10-20 minutes. During the mushroom emergence period, a moist air environment and soil layer should always be maintained, the air is fresh, the quality of the mushroom body is guaranteed, and it is also conducive to high yield.

Timely harvest: mushrooms must be put on the market in time, otherwise it is easy to open umbrellas and the quality becomes worse. Generally, it takes about 6-7 days from the fruiting body to be harvested. Before the mushroom membrane is broken, the mushroom root is cut off and put into a plastic bag, or the soil is put on the market to maintain freshness. After each tide mushroom harvest, clean up the old roots of the mushroom bed, the old fungus clump, stop water for 1-2 days, and then spray water to promote the formation of the second and third tide mushrooms. When the temperature drops below 4 degrees, you should stop using water on the bed to prevent the soil from freezing and protect the hyphae so as to continue to produce good mushrooms at the beginning of the next spring.