New cultivation technique of Film mulching of Potato with High Ridge and double Row

1. Rational crop rotation in order to make economical and effective use of soil fertility and prevent soil-borne diseases, pests and weeds, it is necessary to avoid potato cropping or planting on other root and tuber stubble, and do not rotate with other eggplant crops such as eggplant and tomato, otherwise the yield will be reduced by 15% and 20%. Potato can be rotated with cereal and legume crops for more than 3 years.

two。 Soil preparation and ridging potatoes are suitable for planting in deep and loose soil, and deep ploughing and fine soil preparation. In the previous crop harvest in time after the stubble, deep ploughing about 25 cm fine rake, at the same time apply enough organic fertilizer. According to the soil fertility, 3000-4000 kg of organic fertilizer, 20 kg of diammonium phosphate, 20 kg of urea and 10 kg of potassium sulfate were applied per mu. The proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium calculated by scalar quantity is 2:1:3. Potato has a short growth period and a large amount of fertilizer in the early and middle stages, so it is suitable to apply one-time fertilization and deep application before sowing to increase yield. A high ridge with a height of 20 cm is made by machinery, the ridge width of flat and fertile land is 1 meter, and that of dry sloping land is 75-80 cm.

The advantages of high-ridge and double-row cultivation: the ① field has a large light area, which is beneficial to increase the early ground temperature and early seedling emergence. ② covers the soil deeply, the soil layer is soft, the stem grows in the favorable ground, and many tubers produce big potatoes. ③ improved the ventilation and light transmission in the field in the middle and later stage, reduced the shade and increased the photosynthetic efficiency. ④ is easy to drain in case of waterlogging to avoid rotten potatoes. ⑤ is beneficial to mechanized operation.

3. Seed potato selection and treatment Kexin 1 and Kexin 4 were selected in the first cropping area, and Zaodabai, Youjin and Chaobai were selected in the second cropping area. The sowing materials are healthy small potatoes weighing 50-70 grams each. Whole potato cultivation does not destroy potato peel, can prevent the spread of disease, water conservation and drought resistance; help to increase the number of main stems, give better play to the top advantage; conducive to seed potato treatment and mechanized operation.

You can use 40% formalin to 200 parts of water, spray the surface of seed potato or soak the seeds for 5 minutes, then cover the seeds with plastic film for 2 hours, then uncover the film and spread it to dry, which can further prevent the spread of germs. Seed dressing with rooting powder and expander before sowing can promote germination and increase yield. The method is to put the seed potato on the cement floor or plastic sheet one night before sowing, spray the ABT rooting powder No. 8 into 150000 times solution evenly on the seed potato, turn it over with a shovel, then cover the seed with a gunny bag for 8-12 hours, open it and dry it a little bit, and then sow it. Sowing seeds with 165g of Suxiang or Guoguang brand expander with 30-45kg of water and sowing after 24 hours has the effect of disease resistance, increasing large and medium potatoes and promoting the expansion of potato pieces.

4. Sowing plastic film mulching in flat fertile land and second cropping is an effective measure to promote early germination and strong seedlings of potato. 20-30 days before sowing, move the seed potato from the cellar and place it indoors for 10-15 days. When the buds just sprout or sprout, spread the seed potatoes evenly in the bright room to receive light evenly, until the white buds become green buds or green-purple short strong buds. It is suitable for early sowing in flat fertile land, and the best sowing time is when the temperature of 10 cm soil layer stably passes through 6 ℃. Too early is easy to cause freezing damage, too late is easy to lead to overgrowth of the aboveground part. Jianping County is generally suitable from April 25 to May 5. The dry sloping land should be sowed late in time in order to make the temperature and precipitation coincide with the growth needs of potatoes, and it is generally appropriate to sow seeds on May 15-25. The planting area of fresh potato in the second season should be sowed early in time and cultivated with plastic film mulching, usually sowing on April 1-10. The sowing depth is 8-10 cm.

Reasonable close planting is the key to the cultivation of whole potato. The principle of reasonable close planting is that fertile land should be sparse, thin land should be dense, large seed potato should be sparse, small seed potato should be dense, varieties with long growth period should be sparse, and varieties with short growth period should be dense. Generally, 2.5-28000 main stems per mu need to sow 5000-6000 holes, and each hole ensures 4-5 main stems. On the flat and fertile ground, the ridge width is 1 meter with 2 rows, the small row spacing is 30 cm, and the hole spacing is 25 cm; on the slope, the ridge width is 75-80 cm, the small row spacing is 25 cm, and the hole spacing is 25-30 cm. The cultivation of plastic film mulching can advance the sowing date of potato by 20-25 days, which is beneficial to the expansion and yield of potato. After sowing, press and straighten the ridge shape in time, press out the ridge surface and cover it with plastic film. When covering the film, it is necessary to tighten and pave the film so that the film is close to the ridge surface, and the plastic film on both sides of the ridge should be buried and compacted to prevent the wind from blowing open the film. After breaking the soil, the seedlings should be inspected and released in time, and the seedling holes should be sealed with fine soil.

5. The main disease of controlling potato is late blight, and the pests are underground pests such as ground tigers and grubs. For the land with late blight, the diseased plants should be removed first, then disinfected with quicklime, and 25% Ruidui wettable powder or 50% carbendazim wettable powder should be fully sprayed once. For ground tigers and grubs, dichlorvos poisonous soil bait can be applied during soil preparation, growth period and soil cultivation, or trichlorfon liquid can be used to irrigate roots at seedling stage.

6. Harvest 10-15 days before the potato harvest, the aboveground parts are cut off and transported out of the field, and then harvested. By using high-ridge double-row whole potato sprouting and plastic film mulching cultivation, the potato yield per mu is 2200-2500 kg, with an average increase of 20%; the large potato rate is increased by 9%; and the diseased plant rate is reduced by 13%. Due to high yield and good quality, the average economic benefit can be increased by 200 yuan per mu.