Prevention and control of "three insects and one disease" of mushroom

The "three insects and one disease" harmful to autumn mushrooms are mites, jumpers, mushroom mosquitoes and harmful verrucosporium. The characteristics and control methods of these diseases and insect pests are described as follows.

I. symptoms of mite damage

In the process of producing bacteria, if the hyphae are found to have the phenomenon of returning bacteria, such as the decrease of villous hyphae, the increase of simple hyphae, and the pink bright spots on the surface of the hyphae, the mite head appears in the mushroom bed. When there are 3 to 5 mites in the range seen with a magnifying glass, the control target is reached. After covering the soil, the mites will move with the growth of the hyphae to the soil surface, focusing on the primordium and the base of the mushroom stalk to feed, often resulting in bald roots, aseptic roots, unable to transport nutrients and atrophy to death. At the same time, mites spread bacteria and viruses, mushroom houses where mites are serious, and all kinds of diseases are also serious.

Second, the symptoms of jumping insects are omnivorous insects. There are more jumping insects when planting mushrooms in fields and greenhouses. Common species are gray-and-white hornworms and tiny black-horned jumpers. Jumping insects eat both the hyphae and the mushroom body, often clustered in the bacterial fold or on the mushroom cover, gnawing the mushroom body into holes, causing the mushroom body to dry up and die. In particular, the black-horned jumping beetle, which has a fine body and a high population density, is very easy to cause devastating disasters.

Third, the temperature of the damage symptoms of mushroom mosquitoes decreases gradually in autumn, which is more suitable for the reproduction of mushroom midges and mushroom galls, especially in the culture materials with rich manure and incomplete fermentation, the number of mushroom midges and mushroom galls is large, and the larvae feed on hyphae. Reduced production, such as mushroom mosquito outbreaks, large populations, can also cause devastating disasters.

4. harmful verrucous mildew symptoms when the mushroom hyphae is in the stage of mycelium formation, primordium differentiation and fruiting body growth can be infected by harmful verrucosporium. After the mushroom body was killed, the mushroom body showed deformity, the mushroom stalk expanded, the mushroom cover became smaller, and it was accompanied with white fluffy hyphae, then browned, resulting in brown liquid or disease spots. The yield and quality of the mushroom body suffered a great loss after being killed.

5. Comprehensive control of diseases and insect pests in the middle and later stages of the outbreak of bacteria, when the population density in the culture material reaches the prevention index, timely drug control should be used, and pesticides with high efficiency and no harm to hyphae and mushroom should be selected. Mushroom room conditions are good, strong sealing, can be fumigated with aluminum phosphide, 3 pieces per cubic meter (9.9 grams) sealed for 48 hours. Most mushroom houses or greenhouse cultivation places can only be controlled by chemical spray. Fangshongjing is a biological agent specially used to kill insects and mites of edible fungi, which has the effect of internal absorption and stomach toxic. when the insect population density is high, spray 500x; insect pests occur in the soil-covered period, 1000 times can be mixed in the water when the soil is covered with re-application of mushroom water. If insect pests occur during the growing period of the first tide mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus net should be used to control the pests after the peak period of the first tide mushroom. Before treatment, the humidity of the mushroom room stopped watering for 1 or 2 days, so that the agent could be absorbed to the depth of the bacterial bed more quickly and achieve obvious insecticidal effect.

When diseased mushrooms infected by verrucosporium appear on the mushroom bed, we should stop spraying water for 2-3 days, keep the bed dry, remove the diseased mushrooms and burn them in time, and immediately spray 1000 times of Pleurotus ostreatus fungicides, combined with replenishing water. Spray once every 3 days, spray 3 times in succession, can effectively control the spread of bacteria in the soil layer, at the same time pay attention to control air humidity, strengthen ventilation.

In August, when the temperature is on the high side, there are many diseases and insect pests lurking in the mushroom bed. When the temperature is high, diseases and pests often break out. Insecticides and fungicides can be mixed and sprayed at the same time to achieve a two-pronged effect.