Coring and pruning of carnation with cut flowers

1. Coring technology of carnation with cut flowers

The purpose of coring treatment of cut carnation is to increase the number of branches, increase the number of flowers per plant and adjust the florescence, balance and timely supply of flowers.

The main results are as follows: (1) during the coring period, the first coring of carnation is usually carried out about 30 days after planting, when there are 6-7 pairs of leaves in the main stem of the seedling. When there are 5 or 6 nodes on the main stem, the growing point of the stem tip can be removed, and there can also be more or less 1 node or less node according to the characteristics of lateral branches of different varieties. The second coring of carnation is usually carried out about 30 days after the first coring, when there are 5-6 nodes in the growth of lateral branches. After two coring, each carnation can have 6-10 flowering lateral branches. The time of carnation heart removal had better be carried out around noon on a sunny day to facilitate wound healing.

(2) coring methods can be used according to different cultivation types, characters of different varieties and requirements for flowering period. Different coring methods have different effects on flower yield, quality and flowering time. There are three common coring methods.

① one-time heart picking method. Only one coring of the main stem of the plant was carried out to promote the germination of the plant with 3 or 4 lateral branches to form flowering branches. In order to strive for early flowering, the coring period can be carried out within 20-28 days after planting. If the coring is too late, the flowering will be delayed. The method of one-time coring is mainly applied to the short-term cultivation of large flower varieties, which is especially suitable for early-maturing varieties and is beneficial to early harvest of the first batch of flowers. The disadvantage of this method is that the florescence is relatively concentrated, there is an obvious interval between the first batch of flowers and the second batch of flowers, and two flower picking peaks are formed, so it is difficult to achieve balanced flower supply.

② 's second heart-picking method. After the coring of the main stem, when the lateral branches grow to about 5 nodes, the coring of all the lateral branches is carried out again, so that the flower branch tree formed by a single plant can reach 6-8 branches. Two coring can form more flower branches, the first batch of flower harvest is more concentrated, while the next batch of flower stem growth potential is weak, flowering delay. The second coring method is usually suitable for late flowering varieties. The time of heart picking will also have an impact on the flowering time. The method of picking hearts in batches can be adopted to balance the harvest time of flowers.

③ 's second semi-decapitation method. In order to solve the contradiction between early picking and balanced supply of flowers, the method of the second half picking is improved on the basis of the first picking and the second picking, that is, in the second picking, half of the side branches are not plucked to promote their early flowering; the other half of the side branches are picked to delay flowering. In this way, the flowering period of the side branches of the second coring is in the middle of the peak period of the first and the second batch of flowers, which basically meets the requirements of balanced flower picking, and the morning and evening of the florescence can be affected by adjusting the coring period or the position of the coring node. In the second half-coring method, the number of side branches is generally required to be 1-2 per plant, and the upper side branches are selected, too much coring will affect the quality of the whole cut flower.

two。 Pruning and pruning of cut Carnation

Pruning of carnation refers to the thinning of lateral buds, buds and buds of flower branches during cut flower production, as well as plant pruning of carnation cultivated for two years at the end of the first year growth cycle.

The main results are as follows: (1) after the sparse carnation planting of lateral buds during cut flower production, after 1 or 2 coring, lateral buds germinate to form a large number of branches, and the increase of the number of branches will increase the yield of cut flowers per unit area accordingly. However, if the number of branches exceeds the reasonable density, the quality of cut flowers will be greatly reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the number of lateral buds per plant according to the characteristics of cultivated varieties, cultivation mode, cultivation season and management level. At present, the international output of carnation is about 300 branches per square meter and generally produces 2 batches of flowers. when the cultivation density is 50 trees per square meter, the theoretical flower yield per plant should reach 6 branches, and if the flowers are picked twice, the remaining amount of effective lateral branches per plant should be 3 branches. When the cultivation density is about 37 plants per square meter, the amount of lateral branches per plant should reach 4 branches. In order to ensure the yield of high-quality cut flowers, the actual number of branches retained should be slightly higher than the theoretical number. Therefore, in general, each carnation should retain 4-5 lateral branches. After ensuring the sparse amount, the strong lateral buds with low node position and strong branching ability should be cultivated into flowering branches, and the other weak branches should be removed, and the most suitable position for the first batch of cut flowers should be above and below the seventh node of the flower branch. after that, lateral buds occur in the fifth and sixth nodes, and then one or two branches are reserved for the culture of the second batch of flowers.

(2) after the terminal buds of lateral branches of carnation formed flower buds, the lateral buds outside the top buds could easily develop into lateral buds or vegetative branches. In order to ensure the normal development of parietal buds and the quality of cut flowers, the general varieties of cut flowers need to remove the lateral buds and all the lateral buds above the seventh node as early as possible, and 1 or 2 below the seventh node can be selected for the next batch of cut flower branch culture. the rest should also be removed as soon as possible. Multi-flower varieties can remove the top flower bud or central flower bud and promote the balanced development of lateral flower bud. When thinning buds and buds, you should pinch buds and buds with your fingers at the early stage of development, so that they can be broken off at the base, so as not to damage stems and leaves.

(3) pruning and pruning of renewed plants when carnation is cultivated for 2 years, the plants should be pruned and renewed after the end of the first year of production, which can be carried out in late June. Irrigation should be stopped 3-4 weeks before pruning, and the old stem should be watered after sprouting.