Cultivation and maintenance of Carnation

1. Tidbits

Carnation is one of the famous ornamental flowers in China, which has a long history of cultivation and is highly appreciated by ancient poets. Li Bai and du Fu, the two great poets of the Tang Dynasty, both have good words about carnation flowers. Shixian said that "carnation embroidery Luo Yi". The poem saint said, "Musk Sleeping Carnation". It can be seen that as early as 1200 years ago in the Tang Dynasty, carnation was widely cultivated for people to enjoy. Carnation is widely distributed in Northeast, North, Northwest and Yangtze River provinces in China, and is now widely cultivated at home and abroad.

The carnation is like a bamboo, with dense flowers, bright color and velvet, which is an excellent flower and plant. It is often used for arranging flower beds or mirrors, potted plants or cut flowers, and can be directly used as ground cover plants.

Carnation flower, which can be seen everywhere in courtyards, gardens, flower beds and flowerpots all over China, is a kind of grass flower widely cultivated. It is delicate and beautiful, blossoms well, and is deeply loved by people. Carnation flower shape is unique, petals have cut velvet lace, is a unique carnation Corolla with its own characteristics, unique beauty; a variety of colors, eye-catching. There are pure white, pink, pink, goose yellow, light purple and intermediate colors, etc., colorful. The carnation has strong growth and long flowering period. It blossoms for 200 days from the first ten days of May. It can blossom continuously in the greenhouse throughout the year, cut the old and report the new, and is undefeated all the year round. Sikongshu said that it "who is sorry for the longest, spring dew to autumn wind." When the carnation blossoms, it exudes a symmetrical fragrance. Du Fu has the phrase "Musk Sleeping Carnation".

The carnation is shaped like a bamboo, the stem is tall, slender and green. Seeing the beautiful hair of Xiao Xuan and carnation in the mountain house, Lin Lin of the Song Dynasty immediately wrote a poem: "Musk sleeps and dew sandalwood evenly, embroidered in Luo clothes is not true." If there is hate in the reclining bushes, the cold shakes the pivot to give birth to spring. In front of the stage, the red medicine tweeter, the yellow flower under the hedge attached importance to the ancients. Today contains nothing in the title, pitiful is not worthy of freshness. The first couplet of the poem describes its fragrance, while the secondary couplet depicts its appearance, with thin branches leaning as if affectionate, and the sparse flowers shake a few times to make people feel that spring is born and full of vitality. The three or four couplets of the poem are the comments on carnation: "Red Medicine in front of the stage" and "Yellow Flower under the hedge" are valued by poets of all ages, so how should carnation be evaluated? The poet gave it the word "fresh". This eccentric poet, who has the reputation of "plum wife, crane and son", does not easily give flowers "inscriptions". At this time, he suddenly saw that there were two clumps of carnation in the mountain house, beautiful and spring, quietly blooming, sparse pink branches, fresh and lovely. At this time, although the spring has passed, but the carnation is strong in spring. The resentful carnation won the sympathy of the poet and deserved to be praised as "fresh".

Carnation flowers are often born in secluded valleys and blossom only in late spring. It is a pity that Mel is unappreciated. Wang Anshi has a lot of feelings about this, and there was a poem about it: "if no one sees a reward for chariots and horses, it is pitiful to enjoy the spring breeze." It is said that the carnation flower does not give up because there are no chariots and horses, but still apply it to the ground to welcome the spring breeze and spend a good time, "not afraid of the heat of the south wind, but able to welcome the summer bloom" (solitude and poetry). Lu Guimeng, a native of the Tang Dynasty, also spoke highly of the carnation flower. "now there is no fight for money, but the spring breeze is this flower." The main idea of the poem is that people often plant money flowers and carnation flowers in the courtyard to decorate the hedge. Its fame can be said to be so great that it is difficult to match the money spent. The poet praised the carnation flower with a relaxed and humorous tone, which is poetic, unique and vivid, giving people infinite reverie.

In the international flower beds, the carnation flower is a symbol to commemorate Mother's Day. On Mother's Day, people whose mothers are alive wear red flowers and those whose mothers are dead wear white flowers. In May 1934, the United States issued its first Mother's Day commemorative stamp and chose the carnation flower as its pattern.

2. Ecological habits

Carnation is a perennial perennial flower of the genus Caryophyllaceae, which is usually cultivated biennially. The plant height is 20cm to 50cm. The stem is erect, green, thin and frail, with tufted branches from the base. Simple leaves opposite, linear-lanceolate, apex acuminate, base embracing stem nodes, leaf margin hairy, gray-green, stem nodes dilated. Peanut at the top of the branch, solitary or several clusters, carnation-shaped Corolla, Corolla 5, the edge of the irregular shallow tooth crack, there are red, pink, white, purple and miscellaneous colors, with aroma. The moment of success is round. Seeds flat, dark brown. The flowering period is from April to May and the fruit ripening stage is June.

Carnation originated in China. Resistant to cold and drought. Like sufficient sunshine, like dry, ventilated, cool environment. Like fertile soil with good drainage and limestone. Avoid dampness and waterlogging. It is very easy to cross between species.

3. Main points of cultivation.

(1) watering

After sowing, when the seedlings grow to 3-4 cm, the seedlings are planted in the open air for maintenance. After slow seedling survival, less or no watering can promote root growth, and then strengthen the management of water fee. The room temperature for the growth of carnation at seedling stage is 10-20 ℃.

(2) fertilization

After planting, carnation should be topdressing every 3 weeks (bone powder, sesame oil residue, rotten cake fertilizer, etc.) and coring twice to promote multi-branching. Cut the flower branches after flowering, apply fertilizer every other week, and blossom again after September.

(3) Lighting

Light should be strengthened throughout the growing period, with sunshine reaching about 8 hours a day.

4. Reproduction

When the shell of the seed changes from green to yellow after anthesis, it indicates that the seed is ripe and can be taken out to dry, store or sow at any time.

5. Pest control

The main diseases and insect pests of carnation are blight, virus disease, leaf spot, rust and red spider, species fly, aphid, burglar moth, mole cricket and so on.

6. Answer every question

(1) what are the main propagation methods of carnation?

Carnation is propagated mainly by sowing, cutting and other methods.

① sowing: can be carried out except for the coldest and hottest seasons of the year. Sow the seeds in a basin with aseptic soil as the substrate and put them in a warm place indoors. After the seedlings should be ventilated, come into contact with the sun, control watering, and prevent weak people from growing.

② cuttage: from October to March, cut the mature branches, cut them into about 6 cm long cuttings, put them in a sand bed or open nursery bed, irrigate and shade them, and plant them after growing roots.

(1) what are the medicinal values and commonly used prescriptions of carnation?

Carnation is used as a medicine with flowering whole herbs, and the prescription is called qu Mai. The taste is bitter and cold, and it has the function of promoting diuresis and promoting diuresis. In order to treat gonorrhea, the specific prescriptions are as follows:

① treatment of urinary system infection: 15 grams of wheat, 15 grams of flat storage, 30 grams of dandelion, 10 grams of Phellodendron Phellodendri, 3 grams of Dingxincao, fried with water.

② to treat red and astringent urine, hot and bloody: wheat, flat storage, plantain seed, talc, gardenia kernel, licorice (broiled), Mutong, rhubarb and other portions, made into powder, 6 grams each time, add Dengxin, fry it with water.

③ treatment of fishnavel sore: mash wheat and raw oil and apply it.

④ treats red swelling and pain in the eyes: stir-fry Huang Weimo with wheat, rub the canthus with goose saliva, or rub it with juice.