High-yielding cultivation of Dianthus chinensis

The carnation shoot is of good quality, fragrant and crisp, and is rich in a variety of amino acids needed by the human body. it is a kind of natural green food; the bamboo rod is thick and elastic, so it is a good material for erecting, papermaking, making furniture and processing other goods, and its comprehensive utilization benefit is high. It is an excellent scattered bamboo species for both bamboo shoots and bamboos. However, the existing carnation forest has been wild and out of control for a long time, only sterile, no matter what, the structure of the bamboo forest is unreasonable, the yield is not high, and the economic benefit is low. For this reason, its high-yield cultivation techniques are briefly introduced for reference.

1 woodland management

1.1 timely weeding, shallow turning and adding guest soil

Weeding was carried out three times a year, from February to March, May to June and August to September, respectively. Shallow turning time is arranged in early spring every year, shallow cutting is appropriate, the depth is about 10cm, not too deep. Combined with shallow ploughing, the woodland weeds, shrubs, twigs and leaves, withered branches or fallen leaves were buried in the soil, and the trees and stones were cleaned up at the same time to dig out the old and dead whips over 7 years old. The pits left by cutting bamboo and digging bamboo shoots should be filled in time to ensure the normal growth of bamboo whips and roots. Where there are conditions, the thick guest soil of 3~5cm is added to the woodland from November to December every year to increase soil fertility and promote the growth of bamboo.

1.2 rational fertilization

Fertilization is better when digging bamboo shoots in spring or after new bamboo grows and during shoot bud differentiation, organic fertilizer or chemical fertilizer can be applied in ditch. Application of barnyard manure, cake manure, human feces and urine, plant straw and domestic waste, etc., organic fertilizer must be applied after maturity, fertilizer amount per mu (667 square meters, the same below) 500kg. Chemical fertilizer can be used nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ternary compound fertilizer, 50kg per mu, combined with watering or after rain. Where possible, fertilization can be applied once in the long whip stage, shoot bud differentiation period, early gestation period and long shoot stage, so as to ensure adequate nutrition for the growth of bamboo shoots and new whips, as well as the differentiation of whip buds and bamboo shoots, so as to lay a good foundation for the sustained and stable yield of bamboo forest.

1.3 interplanting in the forest

The special ecological environment of Carnation Garden can be used to interplant pods in the forest. Wait for shade-tolerant crops or feed @ # @ 230g / group. Through interplanting, we can not only conserve soil and water, reduce tending costs, but also improve soil structure and increase soil fertility by loosening soil. at the same time, a certain income can be obtained.

2 Bamboo forest management

2.1 properly increase the management density of bamboo forest

In terms of managing bamboo shoot and bamboo dual-purpose forest, the most suitable density for high yield of carnation can be controlled at 7000,000 trees per hectare, but the existing density of carnation forest is almost on the low side, so, in production, bamboo forest density should be effectively increased by increasing bamboo shoot quantity and controlling cutting quantity year by year. In order to increase the density, artificial replanting can be carried out. That is to say, the mother bamboo with whip transplantation, which is 1-3 years old, ground diameter 1~2cm, low under-branch height, exuberant growth and no diseases and insect pests, is selected in the nearest bamboo plant density in the forest glade, and the planting hole size is 80 × 40 × 40cm. In order to prevent excessive evaporation of water and improve the survival rate of afforestation, the mother bamboo left 3-4 plates of branches and the rest were cut off.

2.2 moderate hook tip

The moderate hook tip of bamboo forest is beneficial to the ventilation and light transmission of bamboo forest and stimulate the rebalanced distribution of bamboo leaves, contribute to the growth of branches and leaves and the expansion of bamboo whip, improve the ability of disaster resistance and enhance the ability of bamboo forest to resist adverse environment. The time of the hook tip: first, before the bamboo grows to a certain height, it is carried out by cutting or shaking the tip, and the shoot tip after the hook tip is still edible; second, after the bamboo leaves are unfolded, the bamboo tip can be cut off with a sharp knife, and the hook tip is the best at this time; third, 2-3 months after the bamboo height growth stops, use a knife to remove the bamboo tip. The hook tip should be kept in about 15 files, and the strength should be controlled at about 15%.

2.3 reasonable cutting to form a reasonable bamboo age and bamboo forest structure

In the early stage of bamboo forest transformation, cutting is strictly controlled, the bamboo below Ⅳ degree is not cut, and the old bamboo above V degree is also retained in the open space of woodland, in order to keep more mother bamboo shoots and increase stand density as soon as possible. After reaching a reasonable density, it should be combined with moderate retention of new bamboo. In winter, the bamboo above V degree and the Ⅳ degree bamboo above 2 degree are cut off, so that the bamboo forest forms a reasonable and stable bamboo age structure with the proportion of Ⅰ degree, Ⅱ degree, Ⅲ degree and Ⅳ degree bamboo above 3 ∶ 3 ∶ 2 ∶ 2. For the initial transformation of the carnation forest, it is best to retain about 225 broad-leaved trees per hectare or the tree species with nitrogen fixation and can promote the growth of carnation.

3 Management of shooting period

3.1 digging bamboo shoots scientifically

The tools, time, intensity and method of digging bamboo shoots should be considered. The bamboo shoot digging tool uses a special bamboo shoot gun to ensure that the bamboo shoots dug are intact and do not harm the bamboo whip. The time of digging bamboo shoots should be at the tip of bamboo shoots to about 10cm off the ground. Too small, affect the yield; too large, the base of bamboo shoots aging, affect the quality of bamboo shoots, but also consume bamboo whip nutrients, affect the growth of unearthed bamboo shoots in the later stage. The intensity of digging shoots should ensure that the number of female bamboo shoots is sufficient, and the rest of the bamboo shoots should be dug up. The method of digging bamboo shoots should be carried out by digging bamboo shoots one by one.

3.2 keep bamboo shoots reasonably for bamboo culture

Keeping bamboo shoots and raising bamboo should be carried out according to the principle of "staying far and digging close, leaving strong and digging weak, leaving sparse and digging dense", dredging some bamboo shoots close to the mother bamboo, and gradually adjusting the bamboo plants in the forest from the original cluster distribution to uniform scattered distribution. The best time to keep should be later in the peak period of bamboo shoots. The quantity should be retained according to the required proportion of the bamboo forest structure, and the actual number of retention should be about 10% more than that required by the bamboo forest structure. The specification of mother bamboo retention is the best according to the average bamboo size required by bamboo forest structure, and the average diameter 2~3cm is better, because at this time, the leaf area index of bamboo forest tends to be reasonable and the yield is the highest.

3.3 promote the early production of bamboo shoots

Early production of bamboo shoots can improve economic benefits. On the basis of fertilizing and irrigating the water of pregnant bamboo shoots from November to December, the woodland can be covered with weeds, rice straw, husks and other layers, and the cover thickness depends on the surface temperature, generally about 15cm. The surface temperature after cover should be controlled at 15: 17 ℃, and it is strictly forbidden to exceed 20 ℃. Through mulching, the shooting period can be advanced by 20 to 50 days, and the shooting period can be extended by about 2 months, which is very beneficial to the growth of mother bamboo and bamboo forest in the later stage.

(4) Disease and pest control

The diseases and pests that are easy to occur in carnation garden are bamboo borer, aphids, coal fouling disease and so on, which should be detected early and controlled by scientific methods in time. At the same time, cut down disease and insect bamboos, weak bamboos and aging bamboos to facilitate ventilation and light in the bamboo garden and reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests.