Breeding of disease-resistant fragrant and soft rice variety Jiuqixiang 1

I. selection and breeding process

The main results are as follows: 1. the parents selected the international famous rice variety Basmati, the excellent thin fragrant soft strain mutated by solar radiation and Xiangsimiao No. 2 as the male parent. Qingzhen 8, which has conventional dwarf, high yield, resistance and wide adaptability, was used as female parent.

2. After the progeny selected a single plant in 1991, various types of single spikes with medium dwarf and similar grain shape to fragrant silk seedlings were selected from the materials separated from F2 and F3 generations, and then multi-generation breeding and single plant line comparison experiments were carried out. The strains with low amylose content and relatively high gel consistency were selected in 1994. In 1995, three strains with different plant height, similar grain shape, soft aroma and high yield were selected for experiment. finally, a fragrant soft silk seedling strain with shorter stalk, better comprehensive character and quality was selected. After trial planting in 1996 and 1997, the results showed that the rice of this strain was of beautiful appearance quality, fragrant soft silk seedling type and competitive in the market, and was named Jiuqixiang 1.

Second, the results of breeding

1. After Jiuqixiang No. 1 was bred in 1996, it has accumulated a demonstration area of 500000 mu in the outskirts of Guangzhou, Leizhou, Meizhou, Zhongshan, Zhanjiang, Huiyang, northern Guangdong and Ji'an, Jiangxi Province. In the Guangzhou urban trial in 1999, the average yield per mu of the three pilot projects was 325.0 kg, ranking third among the 17 varieties tested, increasing by 11.7kg, 4.1%, 1.7kg, 0.6%, 73.7kg, 33.1% and 200kg more than that of the control variety Qishanzhan, Japonica indica 89, Bateizaoxiang and Basmati. Compared with Xiangshimiao No. 2, the yield increased slightly. This variety is generally planted in Zengcheng and other places with a yield of 360 won 400 kg per mu, and the high yield can reach 500 kg, which is well received by farmers.

2. Agronomic character Jiuqixiang 1 is a mid-mature variety of early indica fragrant rice. The whole growth period is about 125days early and 110days late, plant height is about 100cm, tillering ability and panicle rate are medium, the number of effective panicles per mu is about 200000 ears, the average filled grains per panicle is 150grains, the seed setting rate is 75%, and the 1000-grain weight is 16 jin. It is suitable for planting in sandy loam with medium to upper fertility and in the environment with good water quality and large temperature difference between day and night, especially for late planting with higher quality and stable yield.

3. Resistance according to the Institute of Plant Protection of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the variety is highly resistant to rice blast, the total resistance frequency is 90%, of which the resistance frequency of group B and group C is 100%. Bacterial blight was identified as grade 9 by artificial inoculation, which was highly susceptible (according to years of planting in Guangzhou, the disease was rarely found). It was more resistant to leaf rollers and rice planthoppers in all types of areas.

4. The quality of Jiuqixiang No. 1 rice was tested by the Rice and Product quality testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture. The results showed that 10 indexes, such as brown rice rate, milled rice rate, head rice rate, length-width ratio, chalkiness, chalkiness, transparency, alkali elimination value, gel consistency and protein content, reached the first-class standard of high-quality rice, and the grain length and amylose content reached the second-class standard of high-quality rice. The result of comprehensive evaluation of rice quality is better than that of domestic high-quality rice variety Zhou 903, which is equivalent to Thai fragrant rice on top of foreign high-quality rice. Experts from Guangdong Genetics Society believe that the breeding of this variety has reached the advanced level in the province. Jiuqixiang 1 has reached a high level in yield, resistance and food taste.

III. Processing, utilization and economic benefits

Since 1998, this variety has been successively used by our "Suizhen Brand" fragrant Silk Miao Rice processing Factory, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences "Jufu Brand" High quality Rice Factory, Zengcheng Agricultural Bureau "Green Brand" High quality Silk Miao Rice Factory, Zengcheng Zhongxin Town "Lixin Brand" High quality Silk Miao Rice Factory and Zengcheng Zhucun Town "Taiji Brand" High quality Rice processing Factory are used to produce fragrant and soft characteristic rice products. At the beginning of 1999, the Silk Miao Rice Factory of Zengcheng Agricultural Bureau applied the "green brand" nutrition and health rice products produced by Jiuqixiang No. 1 rice and Zengye silk seedlings to Macao. As a result, it won the "Asia second International famous, excellent and New products, New Technologies, New inventions @ # @ 119" International Gold Award. The "green brand" super silk seedling rice product produced by this variety of rice and other excellent rice won the gold medal of the 1999 China fourth International Agricultural Expo and was recognized as a Chinese famous brand product.

According to the investigation, in 1999, the market price of late indica rice in Zengcheng City: the market price of late indica rice of Jiuqixiang No. 1 was 100 yuan per 50 kg. Calculated according to the yield of 360 kg per mu, the output value per mu was 720 Mu 900 yuan, while that of the third-grade grain was about 43 yuan per 50 kg, and according to 450 kg per mu, the output value per mu was only 387 yuan. Jiuqixiang No. 1 and other high-quality rice processed aromatic rice products according to the formula (4.5 yuan per kilogram of fragrant soft rice, 2.5 yuan per kilogram of single high-quality rice and 1.5 kilograms of third-grade rice) also achieved better economic benefits. Last year, the price of this variety of rice was 85 RMB90 per 50 kg, and the planting benefit was still good.

IV. Key points of cultivation

The early planting of this variety is suitable for sowing from the end of February to early March and planting before Qingming Festival, while the late planting is suitable for sowing in the middle of July and before the Beginning of Autumn. The amount of seed used in field is 1.5 kg per mu for seedling throwing cultivation and 2 kg for transplanting cultivation. The application level of fertilizer for field cultivation is medium to high, and the bottom fertilizer requires the application of organic fertilizer or compound fertilizer, and the fertilizer should be applied early and re-applied in the early stage. About 20 days after planting, we should do a good job of drying the field and apply lime or plant ash twice, then create conditions to apply young panicle expansion fertilizer in the middle stage, apply nitrogen and potassium fertilizer from the beginning to full heading stage, and keep the field moist to mature in the middle and later stage, which is beneficial to improve the seed setting rate. In addition, attention should be paid to the prevention and control of rodent damage.