The Direct seeding of Rice in Jingtoushan Farm

Our farm has nearly 700 hectares of paddy fields. Direct seeding of rice was implemented in 1987 and fully popularized in 1999, with a success rate of 100%. The main point of its live broadcast technology is to master the following three hurdles.

First, the whole field is closed. Paddy field ploughing, ploughing, irrigating, machine finishing, cattle finishing can be done. Then wipe the bar and smooth the field. Use a self-made trench board to trench. The trench board is 2 meters long, 45 centimeters wide and 3 centimeters thick. Two handles with a length of 30 centimeters are nailed to the left and right of the board, and the width between the handles is 1.6 meters. Nail or rivet a piece of wood in the middle of the bottom of the board, which is V-shaped, with a top diameter of 20 cm, a tail end of 8 cm and a thickness of 15 cm, with a big head facing forward. During the operation, the man stands on the board and controls the cattle to trench the whole field clockwise in the shape of "WV". The width of each compartment is 2 ~ 4 meters. Finally, turn around the edge of the field. After the field has been trenched, dredge the ditches of each box with a hoe or spade, drain the field water and set aside. Farmers without cattle can use an iron barrel (cover) weighing up to 10 kilograms, which is 25 cm long, with a solid mouth at the front end to avoid mud filling, tied with a rope and dragged in a straight line along the footprints by manpower.

Second, the live broadcast is off. Most of the direct seeding rice in our land are medium rice varieties, while the early rice is not suitable for direct seeding because of unstable temperature. Hybrid rice varieties of middle and late rice should be planted in the field of 2 kg per 667 square meters, not more than 2.25 kg. Conventional rice varieties use 5 kg ~ 6 kg per 667 square meters. According to the seed standard, the rice seeds were put into a woven bag and soaked in a pond for 30 hours. After picking it up, rinse the seed grain, remove the impurities in the blighted grain, and accelerate the germination. Rice seeds with broken breasts can be directly seeded with buds of 2 mm.

During the live broadcast, operators use bamboo baskets or small buckets of rice seeds, press three compartments once, walk from the middle compartment, and scatter while walking. When sowing, look ahead, grab a handful of rice seeds in your right hand and scatter them in the air. You must throw them high and fall evenly. If there is a thunderstorm during sowing, wait for the rain to stop before sowing; when the wind is strong, the sowing grain falls unevenly, which will increase the labor intensity of replenishing seedlings. If it rains heavily the next day after sowing, the water outlet in the field should be closed, and the clear water and stagnant water should be drained in time after the rain stops. If the mud is too thin and sticky during the whole field, it should be stored overnight and sowed the next morning, so as to prevent the grain seeds from falling too deep to sprout.

Third, weeding. When the seedlings have one leaf after direct seeding, they should be treated with pre-bud herbicides for the first time. Methods: 50 grams of butachlor per 667 square meters was applied to the field all the time. When the seedlings have two leaves in one mind, the second herbicide should be used for the second time, with 100 grams of butylamine per 667 square meters, direct seeding herbicides such as paspalum fast or direct seeding star or divine hoe, 30 grams per 667 square meters. If there are broad-leaved grass such as spicy Polygonum in the field, you still need 667 square meters to pack Kecaoshen 2, plus 200 grams of rice insecticide, spray. Irrigation begins after 1 or 2 days, and a certain water layer should be maintained in the field for 5 days, but not over the leaf center of the seedling. After the 25th day, the old grass in the field should be picked out, and the seedling fertilizer should be applied for the first time, and 5 kg ~ 7.5 kg urea should be applied every 667 square meters. After 35-40 days of direct seeding, 25 kg of compound fertilizer or 12.5 kg of high-efficiency compound fertilizer was applied every 667 square meters to facilitate seedling tillering.

The above three passes outside the sun, water, fertilizer, medicine and insect control, can be managed according to the routine. However, due to the high density of the direct seeding field, the water pipe should be shallow in the early stage, deep in the middle stage, and controlled in the later stage, dry and wet. After the tillering of the seedlings is in place, the sun should be heavy, otherwise it is easy to lodge in the later stage, and it is easy to cause insect pests and infection with sheath blight. Author's unit: state-owned Jingtoushan Farm in Yangxin County, Hubei Province