Key points of field stage management of mechanically implanted rice

Due to the limitations of seedling age, seedling age, sowing date and plant characters, mechanically planted rice has higher requirements for tillage quality in transplanting field. At the same time, machine planting realized wide row, fixed hole, fixed seedling and fixed depth planting, which met the population basis of high-yield rice population quality cultivation. Therefore, only if we do not do a good job in the field stage management of mechanically inserted rice, can we ensure the early and stable growth after planting, strive for full panicle, attack large panicle and win high yield.

First, Daejeon prepares:

1. Fine soil preparation: field ploughing should use rotary tillage to kill stubble, the depth of rotary tillage is about 12-15 cm, wait for full absorption of water before raking and leveling, so that the surface of the field is flat, the difference between the height of the whole field is not more than 3 cm, the surface of the field is clean and free of sundries and floating objects, the surface of the field is fine and coarse, rotten and solid, do not sink the machine and do not clog the mud during the transplanting operation, remove weeds on the ridges and repair ditches and ridges at the same time.

2. Suitable application of base fertilizer: on the basis of base application of mature organic fertilizer or wheat straw returning to the field, 45% compound fertilizer 30 kg per mu can be applied, and 10 kg silicon fertilizer and 2 kg zinc fertilizer can be added as base fertilizer under possible conditions.

3. Sediment and floating mud: in order to avoid planting too deep or drifting or pouring seedlings, the setting time must be 2-3 days after field cultivation. For example, the season and seedling age are particularly tight, and the settling time should be at least 24 hours. To achieve a clear mud and water, precipitation is not hardened, clear water transplanting seedlings.

Second, fine machine insertion

1. Planting at the right age: adhere to the principle of "preferring to wait for rice seedlings, must not wait for rice seedlings", strictly control that the leaf age should not exceed 4 leaves at about 3.5 leaves, and the seedling age should not exceed 20 days for 15-18 days. If planting is delayed due to overcast and rainy weather or mechanical reasons, timely drainage and measures should be taken to cover the rain and grab the rain gap machine.

2. Thin water planting: keep 1-2cm thin-skinned water in the field when machine planting; the water is too deep, it is easy to float seedlings; the water is too small, which is not conducive to mechanical progress.

3, the debugging of machinery: the debugging of machinery should comply with the requirements of agronomic cultivation, and the planting depth should be controlled at about 1-1.5 cm. The plant distance is 11.7cm (the plant distance adjustment handle is at 90 position), the density is about 18000 holes / mu, the single hole is 4 seedlings, and the basic seedling per mu is about 70 000.

III. Field management

1. Replenishing seedlings in time: due to the imbalance of seedlings, poor quality of field tillage, short precipitation time, too large water layer, difficult operation of field edge machinery and other reasons, it is easy to lack or float seedlings. Manual filling should be carried out in time after machine planting to reduce the hole rate and ensure the basic number of seedlings.

2. Water slurry regulation: timely irrigation to protect seedlings after machine insertion, and the water depth should not submerge the seedling heart. Enter the thin water layer management 3-4 days after insertion, and dry out for ventilation in a short time, never in deep water for a long time. In the tillering stage, the shallow water irrigation should be carried out frequently, and the water depth should be about 3cm, waiting for it to dry naturally, open the field at the right time, and then add new water, and so on. When each tree has an average of 12-13 tillers, drainage and shelving the field, from light to heavy, the standard of "light rest" is that the edge of the field begins to crack, that is, it should be rewatered, and the soil can be sunk through repeated light rest, so as to meet the requirements of clear water and hard plate after rewatering. A shallow water layer should be established from booting stage to heading and flowering stage to meet the water requirements of spikelet differentiation and heading. Rest water during the filling period, dry and wet, in order to nourish the roots and protect the leaves, live until old, do not cut off the water too early.

3. Accurate fertilization: rational combination of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, saving nitrogen, increasing phosphorus and potassium, adding silicon and micro-fertilizer, the total amount of pure nitrogen per mu is about 20kg, phosphorus pentoxide 5 kg, potassium oxide 10-12kg, and the ratio of basal fertilizer to panicle fertilizer is 6:4.

Tillering fertilizer. Urea 5-6Kg per mu was applied for the first time about 5 days after planting, and 10-12.5kg was applied for the second time about 12 days after planting.

Grow fat. Usually use potassium chloride 10kg per mu in the middle of July.

Ear fat. Check the leaf age to determine the fertilization time, according to the leaf color to determine the amount of fertilizer. At the end of July and the beginning of August, the flower-promoting fertilizer was applied when the leaf age residue of the main stem was 4.0-3.5 leaves, urea 12.5-15kg per mu, and the flower-protecting fertilizer was applied when the leaf age of the main stem was 2.0kg, and urea 5kg was used per mu.

4. Integrated control of diseases, insect pests and weeds. The general principle is "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control". Chemical treatment can be combined with the first application of tillering fertilizer with a seedling herbicide 37.5% silver per mu, 75 grams of silver, mixed with urea, and keep the water layer for 5-7 days. On the basis of avoiding insect pests in cultivation, taking the growth period of rice as the main axis, taking the occurrence priority of diseases and insect pests as the basis, there are too many concerns in different growth price periods, and the methods of treating with one medicine at the same time, mixed use of multi-drugs and mixed spraying of medicine and fertilizer are adopted to do a good job in 3-4 overall battles for the control of rice diseases and pests.