How does jujube madness come into being?
Jujube mad disease is a destructive disease of jujube. After infection, the jujube tree showed the following abnormal phenomena: 1. The flower organ was anti-ancestral, the pedicel lengthened 3-6 times as much as the normal flower, and the sepals, petals, stamens and pistil grew abnormally, forming light green leaflets. For the diseased trees with strong potential, there will be dwarf twigs in the axils of leaflet leaves, forming clumps of branches. 2. Developing branches, positive and accessory buds and fruiting mother branches germinate and grow many times a year, continuously producing small yellow-green branches and leaves, forming dense branches and clumps, which are not easy to fall off in winter. 3. The dormant hidden buds sprouted in large numbers on the trunk of the whole branch, and there were small branches of yellow and green. 4. Sometimes there are tufted roots and tillers with small leaves under the tree.
The occurrence of jujube mad disease generally shows symptoms on some branches and root tillers, and then gradually extends to the whole tree. Young trees usually die in 1-2 years after the disease, while big trees die gradually in 3-6 years.
The pathogen of jujube mad disease is phytoplasma (MLO), which is a microorganism between virus and bacteria. At present, the research shows that: 1. Grafting can spread disease. After the young trees were grafted with diseased branches, the shortest incubation period was 25-31 days and the longest was 372-382 days. 2. Pollen, seeds, mad leaf juice and soil do not transmit disease. 3. Insects such as Chinese rhomboid leafhopper and concave edge rhomboid leafhopper are the main vectors of pathogen transmission.
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Management techniques of Jujube Orchard in late Autumn and early Winter (3)
The third step is to re-apply base fertilizer. The most suitable period for the application of base fertilizer is from the harvest of jujube fruit to before defoliation, which is generally carried out in the first and middle of October. In the general growth and fruiting stage, trees apply 3080 kg organic fertilizer, 0.2-0.4 kg urea, 0.5-1.0 kg superphosphate, 100-200 kg organic fertilizer, 0.4-0.8 kg urea and 1.0-2.5 kg superphosphate.
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Processing of dried carambola
The raw material for processing dried carambola is sour carambola, which is processed as a semi-finished product, because it is also very sour after drying and needs to be further processed into other foods. Processing techniques are as follows: 1. Raw material treatment: cut off the edges of fresh carambola, cut two halves longitudinally, or cross-cut into five-pointed star flakes. 2. Pretreatment: because the pericarp of the fruit is rich in tannins, it will cause oxidation and discoloration of tannins in the drying process and make the products brown or even black. In order to have a good color, the raw materials need to be treated with sulfur. There are two methods.
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