"two Micro and one Free" cultivation techniques of Potato

"two micro and one free" means that seed potatoes use 20-25 grams of potato pieces, which are covered with microfilm after sowing, and the land is no-tillage or no-deep tillage. The application effect of this technique on the gentle slope of red soil hilly land is the most remarkable, which can be more than 15 days earlier than the potato cultivated in the same period, save fertilizer by 30%, save labor by 2-3, save cost by more than 40%, increase the yield by 150-300%, increase the rate of large potato by 30-40%, and increase efficiency by more than 700 yuan per mu.

First, select improved varieties. Early and middle ripening varieties with high quality, high yield and strong resistance should be selected, and virus-free varieties are better. The suitable varieties are Zhongshu 2, Zhongshu 3, Dongnong 303, Lu Potato 1, Zhengshu 5 and so on.

II. Technical contents and planting procedures

No-tillage or no-deep tillage → 50-70kg microbial fertilizer + 16.8kg-24kg 25% N-P-K compound fertilizer or 9.3kg-13.3kg N-P-K compound fertilizer + urea 10-15kg + dry chicken manure 330kg + pig and cow manure water or biogas liquid 2500 kg → sowing → mu seed potato 100kg-125kg → after rain or ditch watering "No Deep Tillage" 200g spray 100kg of water with → covering microfilm → perforated seedling emergence → late February with 15% paclobutrazol 50g of water sprayed with → in early March 20kg of water sprayed with 30kg of water harvested before the middle of April.

III. Operation points

1. Fertilization. First open a 15 cm deep sowing ditch on uncultivated or shallow cultivated land, apply microbial fertilizer, compound fertilizer, urea and half of chicken manure to the ditch, cover 5 cm thick fine soil, then pour pig and cow manure water or biogas liquid into the ditch to saturated humidity, and then sow seeds, and then apply the other half of chicken manure between seed potatoes.

2. Seed potato treatment, sowing, ridging and plastic film mulching. Seed potatoes are routinely dried, cut and disinfected. Seed potatoes should be cut into 40-50 pieces per kilogram, and each piece should have 2 bud eyes. Soak the potato pieces in a solution of 5g "92 ○" and keep them in 100kg water for 5-10 minutes, then accelerate the germination. When sowing, the bud eyes are upward and press slightly into the mud of the sowing ditch. The spacing between rows and plants is 50-60 cm × 20-25 cm and 4500-5500 holes per mu. After sowing, cover and ridge, the ridge height is 15-20 cm, and then spray "no-deep tillage" liquid. It should be noted that "no-deep tillage" must be sprayed after a rain or half-ditch water to make the ridge soil hygroscopic, otherwise the effect will be affected. "No-deep tillage" immediately after spraying to cover the micro-film, the film must be compacted to leave no space, the film should also sporadically sprinkle soil pressure film to prevent wind. After sowing for 25 days, check in time and break the membrane to introduce seedlings to prevent the top bud from being scalded by sunlight. After emergence, there is no need for ploughing, weeding and pest control in the field.